德国 Park der Gärten – 德国规模最大的主题花园园区之一杜鹃特色收藏

历史沿革

Park der Gärten 位于德国下萨克森州阿默兰地区的巴特茨维舍纳恩 (Bad Zwischenahn), 距奥尔登堡西北约 18 公里, 紧邻阿默兰湖西岸。这座以园林展示为主体的园区, 是在 2000 年 5 月 18 日开园的下萨克森州园林文化中心 (Nds. Gartenkulturcentrum) 基础上扩建而来; 2002 年 4 月 19 日至 10 月 6 日, 这里承办了为期 171 天的第一届下萨克森州园艺展 (Landesgartenschau), 累计吸引近 100 万游客。展期结束后, 园区于 2003 年 3 月 28 日转型为常年开放的 Gartenkulturzentrum Niedersachsen – Park der Gärten, 由非营利性质的 Park der Gärten gGmbH 运营, 现任总经理为 Christian Wandscher。2013 年 4 月新建的游客中心与”绿宝箱”体验展 (Grüne Schatztruhe) 落成, 2014 年园内 17 米高的钢制观景塔取代了木制临时塔, 2024 年起又陆续开放了 3000 平方米的”绿色丝带” (Grünes Band) 气候保护示范展区。

园区与示范花园

园区占地约 14 万平方米, 沿老展场核心向外延展, 是德国规模最大的主题花园园区之一。常设的 90 余个示范花园 (Mustergärten) 与植物展示单元分布在小径两侧, 涵盖日本花园、玫瑰园、地中海花园、白色花园、岩石与砾石花园、康复花园、镜面花园、墓地花园、林缘花园、昆虫友好花园、蕨类花园、季节性展示花圃等多种风格, 每季还会按”世界庭园文化””花园元素之美””花园情欲”等年度主题补充新作品。2017 年第五十座新示范花园在展期 15 周年之际落成, 2022 年则启动了”Wo sich das Leben trifft” 等新单元。园区内的三个室内体验展——”绿宝箱””健康土壤 健康水” (Gesunder Boden – Gesundes Wasser) 和”Piepmatz & Co.”——让游客在雨季也能继续游览, 而 2024 年扩展的攀爬与戏水主题无障碍游乐场则在 2025 年获得下萨克森州旅游局颁发的 Goldenes Leuchtfeuer 旅游奖。

植物收藏与杜鹃特色

Park der Gärten 是下萨克森州植物保护与活体基因库的重要节点, 常设 38 个植物收藏类群 (Pflanzensortimente), 其中以杜鹃花属 (Rhododendron) 为最具代表性的特色收藏, 配合阿默兰地区作为德国西北部杜鹃花育种中心的产业传统。园区内的 9000 余株挂牌植物从耐阴林缘花卉到喜阳多年生草本、从可食香草到果树与攀缘藤本, 几乎覆盖北德温和气候下的全部常见园艺类群, 园方另设”Wo steht welche Pflanze” 在线植物数据库供游客按位置反查。2026 年新增的”绿色丝带”展区集中展示了应对气候变化的花境组合, 包括耐旱的草本与药草混播草坪 (Kräuterrasen)、柱形果树 (Säulenobst)、葡萄与猕猴桃等喜温果树、Benjes 木篱、雨水收集池与栽种池、植被屋顶与光伏模块等 11 类实践样本, 是德国联邦”气候保护示范园” (Musterpark für den Klimaschutz) 项目下最重要的公众教育基地。

教育与社区

作为下萨克森州园林学院 (Niedersächsische Gartenakademie, 隶属于下萨克森州农业会 Landwirtschaftskammer Niedersachsen) 的常驻教学点, Park der Gärten 每年举办超过 100 场面向成人的园艺讲座、咨询日和导览, 同时通过设在园内的”Gartentreff” 咨询台与园艺热线为周边居民解答栽培与植保问题。面向儿童与青少年的”绿色课堂” (Schule im Grünen) 项目自 2007 年 3 月被州文教部认定为校外学习场所, 2025 年共提供 138 个课程与儿童生日派对单元, 全年配套的”Spielen im Park” 暑期活动单季就能吸引上万户家庭参与。文化活动方面, 园区在夏季夜场举办”Lichtzauber im Park” 灯光展与”Zu Gast im Park” 露天音乐会系列, 2025 年单场夜场音乐会观众就达 26850 人次; 园内还定期举办秋季市集、杜鹃花节和兰花展, 是阿默兰地区最重要的园艺节庆中心。

无障碍与游客服务

园区采用无坡度步道系统, 主入口到所有核心园区均铺设平缓路面, 观景塔底层与洗手间提供无障碍设施, 多个花园配设盲文说明牌、触觉元素和盲人喷泉, 园方免费出借助行器、轮椅与手推车, 让行动不便与视障游客也能完整游览。2022 年 7 月至 2025 年 6 月, Park der Gärten 通过德国”无障碍旅游” (Reisen für alle) 认证体系的现场评估, 获得”行走障碍者””轮椅使用者””视障人士”和”认知障碍人士”四类标签。园内外的可持续细节包括太阳能压缩垃圾箱、由地方供水公司 OOWV 资助的直饮水站、回收纸制成的卫生纸与免电池纸巾架、气候中性印刷的导览手册, 以及 12 个带充电桩与无障碍卫生间的房车营位, 游客可在非开放季继续停靠。

History

Park der Gärten sits in Bad Zwischenahn in the Ammerland district of Lower Saxony, around 18 km north-west of Oldenburg, on the western shore of Lake Ammerland. The garden complex grew out of the Lower Saxony Garden Culture Centre (Niedersächsisches Gartenkulturcentrum), which opened its first section on 18 May 2000. Between 19 April and 6 October 2002 the site hosted the first Lower Saxony State Garden Show (Landesgartenschau Bad Zwischenahn), drawing close to one million visitors over 171 days. When the show closed, the grounds reopened on 28 March 2003 as a permanent Gartenkulturzentrum Niedersachsen – Park der Gärten, run by the non-profit Park der Gärten gGmbH under managing director Christian Wandscher. A new visitor centre and the “Grüne Schatztruhe” adventure exhibition opened in April 2013, a 17-metre steel observation tower replaced the wooden temporary tower in 2014, and in 2026 the park added the 3,000 m² “Grünes Band” (Green Ribbon) climate-adaptation show garden.

Layout & Show Gardens

The park covers about 140,000 square metres, making it one of the largest themed-garden complexes in Germany. More than 90 show gardens (Mustergärten) and plant-presentation units line the level path system, ranging from Japanese, rose, Mediterranean, white, gravel, healing, mirror, cemetery, woodland-edge, insect-friendly, fern, seasonal-bed and rooftop gardens to themed collections such as the Rhododendron park and the Pinetum. Each season brings a new programme, with past annual themes including “Garden Cultures of the World” (2004), “Fascination of Garden Elements” (2005) and “Garden Pleasure and Passion” (2006); the 50th new show garden was completed in 2017, and 2022 added the “Wo sich das Leben trifft” garden. Three indoor exhibitions – “Grüne Schatztruhe”, “Gesunder Boden – Gesundes Wasser” and “Piepmatz & Co.” – keep the park lively on rainy days, and the inclusive climbing and water playgrounds added in 2024 received the 2025 Goldenes Leuchtfeuer tourism award from the Lower Saxony tourism board.

Plant Collections & Rhododendron Focus

Park der Gärten acts as a living gene-bank and horticultural showcase for Lower Saxony, hosting 38 permanent plant collections (Pflanzensortimente) headed by its signature Rhododendron assortment – fittingly, since the Ammerland region is the historic heart of German north-west rhododendron breeding. More than 9,000 labelled plants span shade-tolerant woodland perennials, sun-loving herbaceous borders, culinary herbs, fruit trees and climbers, and the park publishes an online “Wo steht welche Pflanze” database so visitors can locate any plant on the map. The 2026 “Grünes Band” extension turns climate adaptation into a walk-through exhibit: drought-tolerant herb-and-grass lawns (Kräuterrasen), columnar fruit trees (Säulenobst), warm-climate fruit such as kiwi and grape, Benjes hedgerows, rainwater cisterns and mulden, green roofs with photovoltaic modules, and ten further best-practice installations make it the public centrepiece of the federal “Musterpark für den Klimaschutz” programme.

Education & Community

As the home base of the Lower Saxony Garden Academy (Niedersächsische Gartenakademie, part of the Landwirtschaftskammer Niedersachsen), Park der Gärten runs more than 100 adult lectures, advisory days and guided tours each year, while its on-site “Gartentreff” advice desk and gardening hotline answer thousands of cultivation questions from regional gardeners. The “Schule im Grünen” (School in the Green) programme has been officially recognised as an extracurricular learning venue by the Lower Saxony Ministry of Education since 1 March 2007; in 2025 it offered 138 courses and children’s birthday programmes, complemented by the multi-week “Spielen im Park” summer campaign. Cultural programming is led by the summer-long “Lichtzauber im Park” illumination and the “Zu Gast im Park” open-air concert series, which drew 26,850 spectators in 2025, alongside seasonal events such as the autumn market, rhododendron week and orchid shows.

Accessibility & Visitor Services

The park is laid out as a level, barrier-free path network: the main entrance, all show gardens and the lower level of the observation tower are step-free, four accessible sanitary buildings serve the grounds, and several gardens feature Braille signs, tactile elements and a “Blindenbrunnen” fountain designed for blind and partially sighted visitors, while walking aids, wheelchairs and Bollerwagen can be borrowed free of charge at the cash desk. From July 2022 to June 2025 the park held “Reisen für alle” certification across four categories (walking impairment, wheelchair users, blind and partially sighted visitors, and visitors with cognitive impairment). Sustainable visitor infrastructure includes 20 solar-powered waste compactors, OOWV-sponsored drinking-water fountains, recycled-paper sanitary supplies and climate-neutral printed brochures, and a 12-pitch motorhome site with charging points, barrier-free facilities and grey-water disposal stays open year-round.

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