墨西哥 查普尔特佩克森林 – 墨西哥城800 公顷城市森林

Pro Bosque de Chapultepec 标识

机构沿革与法团性质

查普尔特佩克森林 Bosque de Chapultepec 的保护工作,由墨西哥城公民信托基金 Fideicomiso Pro Bosque de Chapultepec 主导。该基金成立于 2002 年 8 月 4 日,由当时的墨西哥城政府首脑宣布创设,是一个汇集私人与公共部门的混合型机构,负责为森林的修复、重建与日常维护筹集资金并执行具体项目。21 年来,基金会从企业、基金会与个人捐赠者手中募集到超过 7.12 亿比索,全部回投于森林本体。

三段格局与历史分层

查普尔特佩克森林分为三个区段,总面积约 800 公顷,2003 年被官方划定为具有环境价值的城市森林类型。第一区 273.83 公顷,开放时间周二至周日 6:00—17:00,集中了国立人类学博物馆、查普尔特佩克城堡、现代艺术博物馆、塔马约博物馆、奥罗拉之家与多个图书馆,文化密度位居拉美前列。第二区 168.03 公顷,1964 年开放,全天 24 小时开放,设有跑道「El Sope」、儿童乐园「La Tapatía」、滑板公园以及由建筑师马里奥·斯切特南主持设计的总体规划。第三区 243.90 公顷,1974 年开放,海拔超过 2200 米,137.71 公顷为沟壑地带,承担涵养水源、保护本土动植物与候鸟的关键生态职能。

博物馆群与文化承载

森林内的 8 座博物馆构成了拉美最重要的城市文化走廊。除去前述第一区的人类学博物馆与现代艺术博物馆,还包括国立历史博物馆、自然历史博物馆、查普尔特佩克城堡内的国家历史博物馆、卡洛斯·萨利纳斯·德拉托雷当代艺术展厅等多个机构。第一区内的 Audiorama 露天剧场、卡萨德尔拉戈 Casa del Lago 文化中心定期举办音乐会、阅读与户外展览。第三区内的联邦区保留了原始植被与人行步道,是迁徙鸟类在本地的关键栖息地。

总体规划与专项项目

2003 至 2004 年的 REVIVE CHAPULTEPEC 募款活动启动了由马里奥·斯切特南领衔的森林修复方案。2004 至 2007 年的第一区一期与二期工程涵盖照明改造、灌溉系统升级、湖体清淤、主入口广场改造、甘地公园翻新、阿兹特克老人花园修复与植物园建设。2008 年的第二区管理规划交由丹尼尔·斯科托主持,2010 年起由阿尔贝托·卡拉克负责「水之花园博物馆」分阶段改建。2013 年的第二区总体规划沿用至 2014 至 2015 年的交通轴与商业服务轴实施,2018 年借助 i-Tree 工具完成第三区树冠诊断与总体规划编制。

访客导览与志愿者机制

森林对所有公众免费开放,地铁 1 号线查普尔特佩克站、Auditorio 站以及宪法派站均可抵达,地铁巴士增设查普尔特佩克、甘地、人类学三个停靠站。基金会为公众提供八个自然与文化区域的路线图与常驻讲座,并常年招募志愿者参与种植、巡护与公众教育项目。基金会通过把手机构 AIT 认证,以保证每年 7.12 亿比索募集资金的去向在公开披露中得到完整追踪。捐赠者可在第一区内的现场博物馆 Museo de Sitio 购买本森林主题纪念品,所得款项用于持续修复这片城心绿地。


Organisation Profile and Legal Form

The Bosque de Chapultepec is stewarded by the Fideicomiso Pro Bosque de Chapultepec, a mixed public-private trust established on 4 August 2002 by announcement of the then Head of Government of Mexico City. Over 21 years the trust has mobilised more than 712 million pesos from corporate donors, foundations and individuals, all reinvested in the forest’s rehabilitation and daily upkeep. The Technical Committee, a voluntary body of Mexican citizens, decides how funds are deployed against projects derived from the Master Plans for each of the three sections.

Three-Section Layout and Historical Layering

Covering roughly 800 hectares, the forest was decreed an Area of Environmental Value in the Urban Forest category in 2003. The First Section covers 273.83 hectares with cultural institutions ranging from the Museo Nacional de Antropología to Castillo de Chapultepec, the Museo de Arte Moderno and Museo Tamayo, and opens 06:00–17:00 Tuesday through Sunday. The Second Section, inaugurated in 1964, covers 168.03 hectares under a 24-hour schedule and houses the corredor El Sope, the children’s park La Tapatía and the Constituyentes skatepark. The Third Section was incorporated in 1974 above the 2200-metre contour, with 137.71 hectares of gullies serving water capture and biodiversity refuge.

Museum Cluster and Cultural Carrying

Eight museums inside the forest give it one of the densest cultural corridors of any Latin American city. The Museo Nacional de Historia at the Castillo de Chapultepec, the Museo de Historia Natural, the Museo de Arte Moderno, the Museo Tamayo, the Audiorama open-air auditorium and Casa del Lago host lectures, concerts and exhibitions throughout the year. The Third Section preserves the original ravine woodland and acts as the local refuge for migratory birds along the central Mexican flyway.

Master Plans and Specialised Projects

The REVIVE CHAPULTEPEC campaign of 2003–2004 launched the master plan drawn up by Mario Schjetnan for the First Section, executed across 2004–2007 with urban furniture replacement, ornamental lighting, irrigation overhaul, lake dredging, the remodeling of Plaza Acceso principal and the construction of the Botanical Garden. The 2008 Plan de Manejo of the Second Section was authored by Daniel Scoto. In 2010 the architect Alberto Kalach took the Cárcamo de Dolores through Stage I and II of the Museo Jardín del Agua renovation. The 2018 Third Section master plan used the i-Tree tool to characterise the canopy, providing the technical basis for the section’s conservation to this day.

Visitor Access and Volunteer Programme

The forest is free and open to all. The First Section is reached by metro stations Chapultepec and Auditorio or by the Metrobus stops Chapultepec, Gandhi and Antropología. The Second Section is reached at the Constituyentes metro station. Civil volunteer labour supports planting, patrolling and public education year-round, with the trust publishing project updates, transparency reports and calls for participation on its site. Donations are also accepted through the trust’s cause-products counter at the Museo de Sitio in the First Section, with proceeds funding further rehabilitation work across all three sections.

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