历史沿革
特罗姆瑟北极-高山植物园（Tromsø arktisk-alpine botaniske hage）位于挪威北部特罗姆瑟市，坐落于北纬近 70° 处，被认为是世界上最靠北的植物园。植物园于 1994 年 7 月正式开放，隶属于挪威北极大学博物馆（Norges arktiske universitetsmuseum og akademi for kunstfag，简称 UMAK），而 UMAK 又是北极大学（UiT Norges arktiske universitet）的下属机构。植物园占地约 18 dekar（约合 1800 平方米），整体布局与北大西洋暖流影响下的近北极气候相协调，使这一远离赤道的小园区能容纳来自全球寒带与高山地区的物种。
园区与造景
植物园颠覆了人们对植物园的传统期待——没有成片的高大乔木林荫道，也没有大型温室玻璃房，而是由一块又一块用天然巨石堆叠而成的石质景观组成，岩石表面保留了自然的地图衣与原始肌理。这些石景之间生长着来自世界各地高山和寒冷地区的小型多彩北极物种与植物，仿照其原生境布展，让人俯身观察仿佛置身于巴塔哥尼亚或喜马拉雅的高山带。园内最新的景观是位于园区南侧的一座大型石脊，模拟冰川终碛垄的形态：朝南的干燥暖坡种植来自土耳其、黎巴嫩、南非和智利的耐旱植物，朝北的坡面仅仅 10 米之外则栽培来自斯瓦尔巴的雪床植物，温差与微生境的强烈反差成为植物园最具辨识度的景观之一。
植物收藏与高山特色
植物园共设有 28 个主题植物收藏。虎耳草属（Saxifraga）、甜根草属（Gentiana）和报春花属（Primula）家族系列，以及北极地区、喜马拉雅、南美洲最南端和挪威北部古老花园的植物收藏，被前来访问的国际同行专家评价为最为精彩的部分，其中不少物种在世界其他植物园都难以看到，即便在特罗姆瑟本地对它们而言也偏热。在石脊景观中可以看到欧洲最稀有物种之一——极地肾叶毛茛（polarnyresoleie，学名 Ranunculus wilanderi），该物种在野外仅分布于世界上一处地方：斯瓦尔巴群岛的 Kapp Thordsen。园方与研究人员近年还发表了关于岩白菜属（Bergenia）山缘草族与极地杨柳科植物的研究成果，38 个岩白菜新名称等研究成果已经对外公开。2025 年，植物园凭借其创新的科普形式荣获 UiT 年度创新传播奖。
教育与社区
植物园作为挪威北极大学博物馆下属的四大展陈场域之一，与极地博物馆（Polarmuseet）、极地捕鲸船 MS Polstjerna 以及大学主馆共同构成特罗姆瑟的大学博物馆网络，承担面向本地居民与外地游客的自然科普与艺术教育职能。园方常年为学校提供面向幼儿园至高中学段的教学方案，主题涵盖北极生物学、地质学、自然科学等，配套有面向教师与学生的远程与现场教学资源。Hansine Hansens 咖啡馆开设在园中一座从市中心迁来的 1850 年老屋中，访客可在游览间歇小憩，咖啡馆使用本地食材与家庭烘焙，按季节供应华夫饼、蛋糕与饮品。访客留言簿里汇聚了世界各地游客的赞叹，2013 年瑞典国王卡尔十六世·古斯塔夫在参观后留言称此行是「fantastisk upplevelse」，英国知名园艺节目主持人 Monty Don 在 2008 年大型电视系列片拍摄后，将这里列入「Top 5 gardens to visit abroad」名单。
游客服务与开放信息
植物园无围墙、无大门，全年每天 24 小时免费向公众开放，访客可在园门口的改造绿色停车计时器中投入现金支持维护。开花季通常从 5 月初持续到 10 月底最后一场雪来临之前；5 月 15 日至 7 月 27 日是特罗姆瑟的极昼期，弥补了短暂的生长季和偏低的气温。冬季 11 月 21 日至次年 1 月 17 日是当地的极夜。Hansine Hansens 咖啡馆夏季（6 月至 8 月）每日 11:30–15:30 开放，仅供应简餐与糕点，开闭时间随天气有所调整；10 人以上团体如需就座用餐可在 48 小时前预约。植物园交通便利，距特罗姆瑟市中心步行与公交均可达，园内步道平缓适合家庭与轮椅使用者，访客可经官方主页获取花期预报、园内导览手册与最新活动信息。
History
The Tromsø Arctic-Alpine Botanical Garden (Tromsø arktisk-alpine botaniske hage) sits at almost 70° N in Tromsø, northern Norway, and is regarded as the world’s northernmost botanical garden. Opened in July 1994, the garden is part of the Arctic University Museum of Norway (Norges arktiske universitetsmuseum og akademi for kunstfag, UMAK), itself part of UiT The Arctic University of Norway. Covering about 18 dekar (roughly 1,800 m²), the site is shaped by the moderated subarctic climate of coastal northern Norway, where a branch of the Gulf Stream keeps winter temperatures relatively mild.
Landscape & Design
Visitors expecting parkland avenues and large glasshouses are quickly disabused of that picture: the garden is built as a series of stone landscapes, each composed of large natural boulders retaining their original lichen-covered surfaces. Between these rocks grow small, colorful arctic and alpine plants from cold regions around the world, displayed in reconstructions of their native habitats so a visitor can bend down and feel transported to Patagonia or the high Himalayas. The newest feature is a long stone ridge in the southern part of the garden, modeled on a terminal moraine: the dry, sun-exposed southern slope hosts drought-tolerant plants from Turkey, Lebanon, South Africa and Chile, while only ten metres away the shaded northern face supports snowbed species from Svalbard.
Plant Collections & Arctic Specialities
The garden maintains 28 themed plant collections. The Saxifraga, Gentiana and Primula family groupings, together with the Arctic, Himalayan, southernmost South American and historic northern Norwegian garden collections, are singled out by visiting international experts as especially impressive, and many of these taxa are not represented in other gardens — even in Tromsø most find the climate too warm. Among the rarities is the European endemic polar buttercup (polarnyresoleie, Ranunculus wilanderi), known in the wild from a single site, Kapp Thordsen on Svalbard. Recent staff research has clarified relationships among mountain poppies and published 38 new names in Bergenia; in 2025 the garden received UiT’s Innovation in Outreach Award for the quality, creativity and engagement of its public communication.
Education & Community
The botanical garden is one of four exhibition arenas under the Arctic University Museum of Norway, alongside the Polar Museum, the sealer MS Polstjerna and the main university museum in central Tromsø. Together they form a network delivering natural-history and cultural programming to local residents and visitors. The garden runs year-round teaching programmes for kindergarten, primary, lower secondary and upper secondary schools, covering Arctic biology, geology, natural science and northern Norwegian cultural history. The Hansine Hansens Café, set in a wooden house dating from 1850 moved to the site from central Tromsø, serves waffles, cakes, coffee and tea during the summer months. International visitors have long praised the garden: in 2013 King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden described his tour as a “fantastisk upplevelse,” and in 2008 the British gardener and broadcaster Monty Don named it among his “Top 5 gardens to visit abroad.”
Visitor Services & Access
The garden is open 24 hours a day, year-round, with free admission and no gates; donations can be left in a repurposed green parking meter at the main entrance. The flowering season generally runs from the first days of May until the snow returns in late October. Tromsø enjoys the midnight sun from 15 May to 27 July, while the polar night lasts from 21 November to 17 January. Hansine Hansens Café operates daily from 11:30 to 15:30 in summer (June to August), with shorter opening hours on rainy days and the possibility of extended hours on sunny ones; groups of ten or more wishing to dine together can reserve a table up to 48 hours in advance. Paths are gentle and the garden is reachable on foot and by city bus; weekly flowering bulletins, plant lists and visitor guides are published on the official website.
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