美国 Dawes植物园 – 北美认证树木收藏与四座国家认证专类园

一个家族的梦想与俄亥俄中部近两千英亩树木园

美国 Dawes植物园（The Dawes Arboretum）位于美国俄亥俄州中部 Licking 县纽瓦克市（Newark, Ohio）东南约六英里处，靠近 State Route 13，是该州中部一座以树木迁地保护、园艺教育和自然观光为核心的非营利性树木园。园址占地近 2000 英亩（约 8.1 平方公里），由俄亥俄实业家 Beman Gates Dawes 与妻子 Bertie 于 1929 年共同创建，前身可追溯到 1918 年购买的 140 英亩 Brumback 老农场「Woodland」。Beman 在俄亥俄 Marietta 长大，父亲经营木材生意，自幼对林木有深厚感情；他于 1917 年开始在这里种植第一批 50 棵糖枫，到 1929 年正式注册为非营利树木园之前，园内已栽植超过 50000 棵树，面积扩大至 293 英亩。Beman 与 Bertie 设立永久捐赠基金，使园地从 293 英亩逐步扩展到如今近 2000 英亩；园方使命陈述简洁明了：「通过保护树木、自然与历史，丰富生命」。园方将在 2029 年迎来百周年纪念，2026 年被定为「历史之年（Year of History）」，围绕树木园、Beman 与 Bertie、树木奉献者及 Pure Oil 公司四方面史料持续整理并向公众展出。

北美认证树木收藏与四座国家认证专类园

园内现存活木与灌木近 14000 株，其中 5000 余种具有独立学名，绝大多数耐寒于俄亥俄中部气候。园方同时参与美国植物园协会（American Public Gardens Association）下属植物收藏网络（Plant Collections Network，简称 PCN），目前共拥有四座国家级认证专类植物收藏（Nationally Accredited Plant Collections），是俄亥俄州拥有最多此类收藏的机构之一。园方每年依据多年田间观察记录开展植物评估项目，目标在于筛选具有优秀园艺性状、无入侵性、可适应中西部气候的新植物，向园艺界推广；评估对象既包括观赏性状，也包括抗病性、抗寒性、繁殖能力与种子扩散风险等指标。园方偶尔也会从园内产生的实生苗或变异株中选育并命名新品种并加以推广。访客可通过 Arboretum Explorer 植物数据库在线检索园内植物记录——该数据库是外部合作平台，并非销售目录，园内植物不直接出售；树木园本身的植物销售集中在每年春季 Plant Sale，会员可享受优先购买、专属预览与一棵免费植物等福利。

四季自然观赏区与多条徒步步道

园方划分为多个功能与景观各异的小区，可全年分季前往。访客中心（Visitors Center）是所有游线的起点，内设接待咨询、免费宣传册、地图、二层洗手间与礼品店，地下一层是面向儿童的探索中心（Discovery Center），户外连接观鸟花园。日本庭园由 Makoto Nakamura 设计，1963 年建成，是 Nakamura 在日本之外设计的唯一一座日本庭园，也是俄亥俄最早的几座日式庭园之一，红枫、石灯笼、水景与曲折步道共同营造出静谧氛围。柏树沼泽（Cypress Swamp）是俄亥俄北部少见的柏树沼泽之一，每年春季上演大型钝口螈（mole salamander）迁徙，栈道穿行其间。林地深处的深林（Deep Woods）保存有 200 年以上的老树，并藏有创始人家族曾用于夏季观鸟、冬季熬制枫糖的原木小屋。Dawes 湖适合散步观景与会员独享的捕放钓；红谷仓保护区（Red Barn Reserve）以木板路、池塘、湿地与开阔草地连接，荷兰福克湿地（Holland Fork Wetlands）含六个池塘、观景平台和一座遮蔽所，是观察两栖类、�蜓与水鸟的热门区域。园方设有多条步道，包括 Parkwoods、Outreach、Java、Blue Bee 等，长度从数百米到数公里不等，访客可在「What’s in Bloom」页查询当周开花的本地与外来植物。

迁地保护、园艺研究与教育计划

园方的迁地保护工作围绕四个核心方向：栖息地恢复（Habitat Restoration）、入侵植物控制（Invasive Plant Control）、本土植物保育科学（Plant Conservation Science）与公众教育。栖息地恢复自建园之初即由创始家族与州林业局合作开展森林样地试验，今天延续为针对林地、湿地与草地的长期修复项目；入侵植物控制团队与俄亥俄入侵植物委员会（Ohio Invasive Plants Council）合作，使用最新管理实践清除外来入侵种。植物保育方向同时关注俄亥俄本土濒危植物及其依赖的栖息地，以及联邦列名物种；园方加入生态修复联盟（Ecological Restoration Alliance）、生物野外站组织（Organization of Biological Field Stations）与美国植物园协会等网络，分享数据与最佳实践。教育方面，Learning Garden 紧邻 Parkwoods 步道，承载贯穿全年的教学项目，作物收成后会捐赠给本地食物银行；Youth & Families 与 Educators & Outreach 项目面向学校、夏令营与社区组织提供课程包、自然中心活动与教师培训。每年春季的 Plant Sale、Year of History 期间的 Homecoming Community Picnic、社区志愿者日（Community Volunteer Days）等都是公众参与渠道。

参观信息、会员体系与百周年纪念

园方全年开放：4 月至 10 月每日 9:00-19:00，会员可独享 8:00-9:00 一小时；11 月至次年 3 月每日 9:00-17:00，会员同样独享 8:00-9:00；闭园前 15 分钟停止入园。门票分三档：成人 10 美元、5-15 岁儿童 5 美元、5 岁以下免费；15 人以上团体 8 美元/人，30 人以上 7 美元/人，50 人以上 6 美元/人；老年（60 岁以上）与现役军人凭证件减 2 美元；SNAP 用户、Museums for All 参与者与寄养家庭每日 3 美元。会员体系分四级：Buckeye 150 美元（含一家四口与未成年子女，含一棵春季促销植物与预览邀请）、Beech 300 美元（增加年报致谢、年历、专属预览与六位宾客免费入场）、Sycamore 550 美元（增加定制礼品与八位宾客免费入场）、Bur Oak 1200 美元（增加年度晚宴、园长导览与十位宾客免费入场）；所有会员享全年免费入场、礼品店与植物销售 8.5 折、会员专属电子报、折扣课程、Dawes Lake 免费捕放钓以及北美 400 余座花园互惠资格。园方位于纽瓦克市东南，从 I-70 132 出口或 I-71 169 出口下 State Route 13 均可抵达，距哥伦布约 30 分钟；百周年倒计时正在进行，2026 年主题为「历史之年」，2027、2028 与 2029 年将陆续推出对应主题，并最终在 2029 年 6 月 5 日迎来正式百年庆典。

One Family’s Dream and a Nearly 2,000-Acre Arboretum in Central Ohio

The Dawes Arboretum is located about six miles southeast of Newark, Ohio, in Licking County, along State Route 13. It is a non-profit arboretum in central Ohio dedicated to ex situ tree conservation, horticultural education and public nature enjoyment. The property covers nearly 2,000 acres (about 8.1 square kilometers) and was co-founded in 1929 by Ohio industrialist Beman Gates Dawes and his wife Bertie. Its origins trace to a 140-acre farm called “Woodland” that Beman purchased in 1918 from the Brumback family in Licking Township. Raised in Marietta in a lumber family, Beman grew up with a deep affection for trees and began planting at the farm in 1917 with 50 sugar maples. By the time the Arboretum was formally chartered in 1929, more than 50,000 trees had been planted and the property had doubled to 293 acres. The Dawes couple established a permanent endowment, which continues to fund operations today as the property has grown from 293 acres to nearly 2,000. The institution’s mission is simple: enriching lives through the conservation of trees, nature and history. The Arboretum is approaching its centennial in 2029, with 2026 designated as the “Year of History” and successive years carrying their own themes leading to the official 100th-anniversary celebration on June 5, 2029.

North American Accredited Tree Collections and Four Nationally Accredited Plant Collections

Today the grounds hold nearly 14,000 living trees and shrubs, more than 5,000 of which carry unique scientific names, with the vast majority hardy in central Ohio. The Arboretum is accredited through the American Public Gardens Association’s Plant Collections Network (PCN) and currently holds four Nationally Accredited Plant Collections — among the largest number held by any single institution in Ohio. Each accredited collection is maintained to documented standards and serves as a reference for plant identification nationwide; collection holders routinely share material with peer institutions for evaluation and research. Staff also run a long-running plant evaluation program based on years of field observation: trial plots are used to identify and introduce new plants with desirable ornamental traits, hardier forms or stronger disease resistance, while screening out candidates that show invasive tendencies. The Arboretum occasionally names and releases new cultivars originating as seedlings or mutations on its own grounds. Visitors can search the Arboretum Explorer plant database online to look up specific trees and shrubs; the Explorer is an external resource and the plants listed there are not for sale — public plant sales happen only at the annual Spring Plant Sale, where members get early access, a preview event and a free plant.

Year-Round Natural Areas with Miles of Hiking Trails

The Arboretum is divided into a series of distinct landscapes that can be enjoyed in every season. The Visitors Center is the natural starting point: friendly staff, free brochures and maps, restrooms and a gift shop on the upper level, and an interactive Discovery Center for children on the lower level overlooking the Bird Watching Garden. The Japanese Garden was designed by Makoto Nakamura in 1963; it was the only Japanese garden Nakamura ever designed outside Japan and one of the first in Ohio, combining a maple grove, stone lanterns, a winding path and a calm reflective mood. The Cypress Swamp is one of the few cypress swamps this far north, and every spring hosts one of the great mole salamander migrations — a boardwalk lets visitors wade into the spectacle. Deep Woods shelters trees more than 200 years old, and contains the historic Log Cabin where founders Beman and Bertie Dawes once watched birds in summer and boiled maple sap in winter. Dawes Lake is a serene spot for walking and catch-and-release fishing, the latter being a member-only benefit. The Red Barn Reserve links boardwalks, ponds, wetlands and meadows, while Holland Fork Wetlands has six ponds, a viewing platform and a shelter and is one of the best places to spot amphibians, dragonflies and waterfowl. The Arboretum maintains a network of named trails — Parkwoods, Outreach, Java, Blue Bee and others — ranging from a few hundred meters to several kilometers. The “What’s in Bloom” page lists each week’s flowering native and exotic plants.

Conservation, Plant Research and Educational Programs

The Arboretum’s conservation work is organized around four pillars: Habitat Restoration, Invasive Plant Control, Plant Conservation Science and public Education. Habitat restoration dates back to the founding family, who established experimental “forestry plots” with the State Forester to test reforestation techniques — a tradition that today focuses on woodlands, wetlands and grasslands. The invasive plant control team partners with the Ohio Invasive Plants Council and uses current best management practices to remove non-native species that outcompete natives. Plant Conservation Science addresses both Ohio’s rare plants and the habitats they depend on, as well as federally listed species; the Arboretum participates in networks such as the Ecological Restoration Alliance, the Organization of Biological Field Stations and the American Public Gardens Association, sharing data with peer institutions. On the education side, the Learning Garden sits next to the Parkwoods trail and hosts year-round programming; produce from the garden is donated to local food pantries after each season. The Youth & Families and Educators & Outreach programs offer curriculum kits, summer camps and teacher training, while events like the annual Spring Plant Sale, the Homecoming Community Picnic and Community Volunteer Days give the wider public a way to participate.

Visitor Information, Membership and the Centennial Celebration

The Arboretum is open year-round: from April through October the grounds open daily from 9 a.m. to 7 p.m., with members getting an exclusive hour from 8 to 9 a.m.; from November through March hours shift to 9 a.m. to 5 p.m., again with the early member hour. Gates close 15 minutes before posted closing time. Admission is $10 for adults, $5 for children ages 5-15 and free for children under 5. Group rates drop to $8 per person for 15+ guests, $7 for 30+ and $6 for 50+. Seniors aged 60+ and active-duty military receive $2 off regular admission. SNAP participants, Museums for All cardholders and foster families are admitted for $3 with proof of eligibility. Membership has four tiered levels: Buckeye at $150 (four named adult members plus minor children, a free spring plant and a preview invitation), Beech at $300 (annual report recognition, a wall calendar, exclusive previews and free admission for up to six guests), Sycamore at $550 (a specialty gift item and free admission for up to eight guests) and Bur Oak at $1,200 (the annual Bur Oak dinner with the Executive Director, a private tour and free admission for up to ten guests). All members enjoy year-round free admission, a 15% discount at the gift shop and plant sales, a member-only e-newsletter, discounted programs, free catch-and-release fishing at Dawes Lake and reciprocal benefits at more than 400 gardens across North America. The Arboretum sits about 30 minutes east of Columbus, reached via I-70 exit 132 or I-71 exit 169 onto State Route 13. The centennial countdown continues: 2026 is the Year of History, with subsequent themed years leading to the official 100th-anniversary celebration on June 5, 2029.

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