从厨房沙丘到城堡庄园
荷兰南荷兰省利瑟的库肯霍夫城堡庄园，源自中世纪为泰灵恩城堡供应猎物、草药与浆果的“厨房沙丘”。一六四一年，曾任荷兰东印度公司摩鹿加群岛指挥者的阿德里安·马尔滕松·布洛克在此建造乡间宅邸；十九世纪，范帕兰特家族增建六座塔楼，使宅邸形成今天的城堡形象，扬·戴维·佐赫尔与路易·保罗·佐赫尔则重新规划园林。荷兰文化遗产署登记资料进一步确认，原有十七世纪住宅于一八六一至一八六二年由建筑师埃利·萨拉贝尔改造成新哥特式城堡。
二百六十公顷历史景观
这是一处二百六十公顷的历史庄园，而不是仅在春季开放的三十二公顷库肯霍夫花展公园。庄园由城堡、花园、树林、草地、农地与十余处国家级文物共同构成；城堡主楼本身也是荷兰国家文物。林间与城堡花园设有多条步行路线，历史建筑、林缘空间和球根花田共同延续南荷兰球根花区的文化景观。
玫瑰园与大丽花园
庄园的植物展示跨越春季花展之外的生长季。弗雷德里克庭院的新玫瑰园分期建设，栽培六十余种月季，并延续约一九〇〇年前后城堡花园已有玫瑰的传统；项目由库肯霍夫设计师规划，并与荷兰皇家球根及苗圃产品贸易协会旗下月季专业组合作。盛夏至初秋，城堡花园和弗雷德里克庭院还展示约五百五十种来自当地球根花区种植者的大丽花，形成鲜明的季节接力。
泥炭、沙地与生物多样性
庄园西侧的泥炭土与东侧的沙土并存，造就森林、草地和农田的多样生境；库肯霍夫森林仍保存当地最后的原生沙丘遗迹。庄园与南荷兰省协作维护草地和森林的生物多样性，林野中可见多种花卉和野生植物，也为鹿、翠鸟、野兔与鹳等动物提供栖息环境。部分草地由有机奶牛放牧，蜂箱、球根种植地和自然教育活动则把农业利用、授粉生态与公众体验连接起来。
基金会保护与公众开放
最后一位庄园主人扬·卡雷尔·埃利亚斯·范林登伯爵于二〇〇三年去世后，将城堡和庄园遗赠给基金会。格拉夫·卡雷尔·范林登基金会现为庄园及库肯霍夫花展的所有者，使命是保护这处历史庄园、自然与收藏并向公众开放；其全资持有的库肯霍夫公司负责日常管理和运营。约一百五十名志愿者参与森林、花园、儿童农场、导览及活动工作，使文物保护、社会参与和园艺展示在同一庄园持续运转。
From Kitchen Dunes to a Castle Estate
Kasteel Keukenhof in Lisse, South Holland, grew from the medieval “kitchen dunes,” where game, herbs and berries supplied nearby Teylingen Castle. In 1641, Adriaan Maartenzoon Block, a former Dutch East India Company commander in the Moluccas, built a country house on the site. During the nineteenth century, the Van Pallandt family added six towers, while landscape architects J. D. Zocher and L. P. Zocher redesigned the gardens. The Dutch Cultural Heritage Agency further records that architect Elie Saraber transformed the seventeenth-century house into a Neo-Gothic castle in 1861–1862.
A 260-Hectare Historic Landscape
This is a 260-hectare historic estate, distinct from the 32-hectare seasonal Keukenhof flower exhibition. The estate combines the castle, gardens, woodland, meadows, farmland and more than a dozen nationally protected monuments; the castle itself is a registered national monument. Walking routes through the woods and castle gardens connect the historic buildings, woodland edges and bulb-growing landscape of South Holland’s flower-bulb region.
Rose Garden and Dahlia Garden
The estate’s horticultural display continues well beyond the spring flower show. A new rosarium in Frederik’s Court is being developed in phases with more than sixty rose varieties, reviving a castle-garden tradition documented around 1900; it was designed by Keukenhof’s designer in cooperation with the Royal Anthos specialist group for roses and rootstocks. From midsummer into early autumn, the castle garden and Frederik’s Court also present about 550 dahlia varieties supplied by growers from the regional bulb district.
Peat, Sand and Biodiversity
Peat soils in the west and sandy soils in the east create varied habitats across the estate, while Keukenhof Wood retains the area’s last original dune remnants. The estate works with the Province of South Holland to maintain biodiversity in its meadows and woods, which support many flowering plants and wildlife including deer, kingfishers, hares and storks. Organic cattle graze part of the grassland, and beehives, bulb fields and nature education connect farming, pollination and public learning.
Foundation Stewardship and Public Access
After the last lord of the estate, Count Jan Carel Elias van Lynden, died in 2003, he bequeathed the castle and grounds to a foundation. Stichting Graaf Carel van Lynden now owns both the estate and the Keukenhof flower exhibition, with a mission to conserve them for future generations and keep them accessible to the public; its wholly owned Keukenhof company manages their operation. About 150 volunteers support woodland and garden care, the children’s farm, guided tours and events, joining heritage conservation, community participation and horticulture on one living estate.
相关文章：
加拿大 哈特利公园 Hatley Park – 以国家历史遗址身份保存其建筑、园艺与教育价值
美国 荷兰球根农场Holland Bulb Farms – 是一家美国在线花卉球根和园艺产品零售商，网站域名带有”Holland”字样表明其产
美国 Lakewold 花园 – 华盛顿州历史遗产花园
荷兰 Frylink & Zonen出口公司 – 专业园艺服务机构
荷兰Van Haaster – Nevada花卉球茎公司
美国 Cheekwood 庄园与花园 – 集历史宅邸、植物园、树木园和艺术博物馆于一体
荷兰 Prins花卉球茎公司 – 专业园艺服务机构
苏格兰ABRIACHAN 花园苗圃 – 种苗生产与销售
发表回复