历史沿革
中国林业科学研究院（简称中国林科院，CAF）的历史可追溯到 1912 年 8 月中华民国政府农林部在北京天坛设立的林艺试验站；1939 年设立中央工业试验所木材试验馆，1941 年在重庆成立中央林业实验所。新中国成立后于 1953 年 1 月正式成立中央林业部林业科学研究所（中林所），1956 年 9 月分设为林业研究所与森林工业研究所，1958 年 10 月 27 日国务院科学规划委员会函复同意成立中国林业科学研究院。”文革”期间机构下放、科研停滞，1978 年恢复建制后陆续设立森林保护研究所、生态环境研究所、资源信息研究所等。改革开放以来先后获国家科技进步特等奖 1 项、一等奖多项，”十二五”期间新增各类纵向科研项目 1600 多项、”十三五”新增项目 863 项，国家重点研发计划专项 26 项，制修订国际标准 4 项实现我国主导林业国际标准零的突破。
机构设置与研究领域
中国林科院按气候带部署有林业研究所、亚热带林业研究所、热带林业研究所三个研究所及热带、亚热带、沙漠和华北四个林业实验中心；设有森林生态环境与自然保护、资源信息、高原林业、生态保护与修复、科技信息、木材工业、林产化学工业、林业机械 8 个专门研究机构；针对泡桐及经济林、桉树、竹子等中国特有或重要树种建立了经济林研究所、速生树木研究所和竹子研究开发中心。研究领域覆盖林草应用基础研究、战略高技术研究、社会重大公益性研究、技术开发研究和软科学研究，重点解决林草发展和生态建设中带有全局性、综合性、关键性和基础性的重大科技问题。
科技平台与人才队伍
中国林科院构建了以全国重点实验室为引领、以国家林草局重点实验室为主体、以省市重点实验室为辐射的重点实验室建设体系，已建成林木遗传育种全国重点实验室、林木资源高效生产全国重点实验室等 2 个国家级实验室及 9 个局级重点实验室。实验基地总经营面积 92.4 万亩，建有 3 个国家级、24 个局级陆地生态系统定位观测站、10 个国家级林木种质资源库、3 个国家重点林木良种基地，分布在全国 24 个省、自治区、直辖市。院本部及直属机构先后承担各类重点科研项目 1100 余项，作为合作单位获得科技成果 519 项，包括国家科技进步一等奖在内的省部级以上奖励 168 项；设有 18 个独立法人研究所、中心，14 个非独立法人机构、28 个共建机构、60 余个业务挂靠机构。
科研成果与产业贡献
中国林科院出版《林业科学研究》等核心学术刊物，1978 年以来累计鉴定（认定）科技成果逾千项，获授权专利逾千件、授权林业植物新品种 200 余种。”十二五”期间获国家科技进步二等奖 9 项、省部级一等奖 4 项、中国专利优秀奖 3 项；制修订行业标准 278 项、国家标准 128 项、国际标准 4 项，发表科技论文 4647 篇（其中 SCI/EI 收录 985 篇）。”十三五”期间获国家科技进步二等奖 2 项，重点攻克林木种业、林业资源培育与可持续经营、林业生态保护与修复、林业资源高效利用、林业装备等关键技术，深入开展林业战略、林业重大理论问题、林业管理体系与创新制度研究，为建设生态文明和美丽中国、推进林业现代化发挥重要科技支撑作用。
国际合作与学术交流
建院以来，中国林科院先后与 80 多个国家和 50 多个国际组织建立了全方位、多层次、多领域的国际合作与交流，与 28 个国家的林业科研机构、高等院校、跨国企业以及国际热带木材组织（ITTO）和国际林业研究中心（CIFOR）等签署院级合作协议 90 个；先后有 12 位专家当选国际木材科学院院士，近 200 位专家在各类国际组织中担任学术职务。建立了林业生物质高效转化利用国家示范型国际科技合作基地、中加联合生态实验室、中美生物质科学与工程研究中心、桉树中心—南非林业农业生物技术研究所桉树保护合作项目等一批国际林业科研合作平台，创建森林生态系统对气候变化的响应与适应、森林培育、生物质基高分子复合材料等国际合作创新团队；执行各类国际科技合作项目 700 多项，累计获得项目经费近 7000 万美元，包括 32 项 ITTO 项目以及 25 项科技部国际科技合作专项项目。
Historical Evolution
The Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF) traces its institutional lineage to the Forest Art Experiment Station (Lin Yi Shi Yan Zhan) established in August 1912 under the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry at the Temple of Heaven in Beijing. A Central Industrial Testing Institute Wood Testing Hall followed in 1939, and a Central Forestry Experiment Station was set up in Chongqing in 1941. After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the Central Forestry Research Institute was formally established on January 1, 1953, and on October 27, 1958 the State Council Scientific Planning Committee approved the creation of the Chinese Academy of Forestry. After rebuilding in 1978, CAF progressively added research institutes on forest protection, ecological environment, resource information, desertification control, wetlands, poplar and economic forests. Since the Twelfth Five-Year Plan CAF has undertaken more than 1,600 new vertical research projects and led four international standards during the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan, achieving a breakthrough of zero-to-one for China-led forestry international standard setting.
Institutional Structure and Research Fields
CAF operates three primary research institutes and four experimental centers deployed by climatic zone — the Research Institute of Forestry, the Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry and the Research Institute of Tropical Forestry together with experimental centers for tropical, subtropical, desert and North China forestry. Eight specialized research institutions cover forest ecological environment and nature conservation, resource information, plateau forestry, ecological protection and restoration, science and technology information, wood industry, forest products chemistry industry and forestry machinery. Three further centres focus on China-specific tree species: economic forestry (including paulownia), fast-growing eucalyptus and bamboo. The Academy addresses fundamental, strategic and applied research in forestry and grassland ecology and supports national decision-making on ecological civilisation, with 18 independent legal-person institutes and centres, 14 non-independent institutions, 28 co-built institutions and over 60 affiliated bodies distributed across 24 provinces and autonomous regions.
Research Platforms and Talent
The Academy has built a national key laboratory system led by two State-level laboratories — the State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding and the State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources — supported by nine bureau-level key laboratories. Its experimental base network covers 924,000 mu (about 61,600 hectares), encompassing three national and 24 bureau-level terrestrial ecosystem observation stations, ten national forest germplasm resource banks and three national key improved-variety bases. Over 1,100 key research projects have been hosted at the experimental bases, generating 519 research outputs as a participating institution, including 168 provincial- and ministerial-level awards such as the National Science and Technology Progress First Prize. Talent programmes cultivate a complete pipeline of doctoral and master’s students and visiting scholars, and CAF scholars serve on editorial boards of more than 30 national and international forestry journals.
Research Achievements and Industrial Contribution
CAF publishes the journal Forest Research (Linye Kexue Yanjiu) and a portfolio of peer-reviewed serial publications. Since 1978 the Academy has identified or verified more than 1,000 scientific achievements, granted over 1,000 patents, authorised more than 200 forestry plant variety rights, and led the drafting of 278 industry standards, 128 national standards and 4 international standards. During the Twelfth Five-Year Plan CAF received nine Second Prizes of the National Science and Technology Progress Award, four first prizes at provincial and ministerial level, and three China Patent Excellence Awards, while publishing 4,647 scientific papers including 985 indexed by SCI or EI. During the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan period the Academy secured 863 new projects with 26 from the National Key R&D Programme and two further Second Prizes of the National Science and Technology Progress Award, providing the technological backbone for ecological civilisation and Beautiful China initiatives.
International Collaboration and Academic Exchange
Since its founding CAF has established comprehensive, multi-level, multi-field cooperation with more than 80 countries and over 50 international organisations, signing 90 academy-level cooperation agreements with forestry research institutes, universities and multinational corporations in 28 countries as well as with the International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) and the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR). Twelve CAF experts have been elected as Academicians of the International Academy of Wood Science and nearly 200 serve on academic bodies of international organisations. International platforms include the National Model International S&T Cooperation Base for High-Efficiency Conversion of Forest Biomass, the Sino-Canada Joint Ecology Laboratory, the Sino-US Center for Biomass Science and Engineering and the Eucalyptus Centre collaboration with South Africa’s Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute. CAF has executed more than 700 international S&T cooperation projects accumulating nearly USD 70 million, including 32 ITTO projects and 25 international S&T cooperation special projects of the Ministry of Science and Technology.
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