荷兰 种球市场 Holland Bulb Market B.V. – 荷兰球茎出口遍及六十多国

一家从阿克斯卢特起步的种球公司

公司的源头在 1866 年。Nicolaas Blokker 在阿克斯卢特开出一块地，种下 77 个球茎品种，主打郁金香，也种番红花、贝母和铁炮百合。那时候公司还叫 Van ‘t Hof and Blokker。1868 年正式立号，那一年 Firma N. Blokker 培了 18,990 行郁金香，账上记着 1,183.75½ 荷盾，约合 537.16 欧元，连那半个盾都记得清清楚楚。

生意起初是家族在做。1888 年，Blokker 家的寡母改嫁了在厂里做工多年的 Jan van ‘t Hof，儿子 Jan Blokker 接过手。1891 年，第一批球茎出口到英国，之后是美国和加拿大。公司自己的记载说，Jan Blokker 出差时凭经验说服了加拿大总督夫人的一位 Lady Bung，随即接到一单生意。

从利门搬到希卢，机器替下了人手

出口做起来后，1922 年公司搬到利门，接下 Jaap Dekker 的苗圃，先有 6 公顷，后来又添了 9 公顷，还在 Anna Paulowna 圩田买下 20 公顷沙地。

六十年代前后，公司的活计开始交给机器。1965 年，3 公顷地要 4 到 5 个人干上三个星期；如今两个人加机器，一天就收拾完。1978 年公司搬到今天的希卢。1988 年名字改成 Vanhof & Blokker。1992 年 Kees van der Velden 接手，把公司改名为 Holland Bulb Market，玫瑰退出了产品目录，业务重新排过一遍。

战时的副业，和一车车运往加拿大的郁金香

二战期间对美加的出口断了，只剩瑞典和德国还有零星买卖。Jan Blokker 另开了一家 Hollandia，把球茎磨成布丁粉和蛋糕粉，还把菊苣根晒干当咖啡代用品。战争结束后，公司又回到球茎出口这条老路上。

1945 年前后，荷兰王室和加拿大之间多了一条郁金香的线。朱莉安娜公主流亡加拿大期间在渥太华市立医院生下玛格丽特公主，战后她每年往加拿大送去几万株郁金香，其中 3,000 株由 Van ‘t Hof & Blokker 负责送到渥太华市立医院。这份往来后来办成了 1953 年第一届渥太华郁金香节；如今渥太华每年要买走 100 万株以上的郁金香。

四条生意线，和上万种货

今天的公司把业务分成四块。景观园艺这条线做公园、道路边和私家花园的花境，也做 Magic Friends Blends 这种配好的整箱组合。专业种植这条线给切花和盆栽生产者供货，球茎按 5°C 或 9°C 处理，冷藏房由计算机控制，每批货附一份种植时间表，公司自己的温室还会用同样的批次平行种一遍，随时看苗情。同集团的 Holland Bolroy Markt 拥有全世界登记品种最多的郁金香收藏。

零售那条线做现成的零售包装，附带欧盟要求的植物护照和专属条码，商超和园艺中心直接上架即可。电商那条线允许按箱或按散装拿货，还能按买家自己的包装和牌子来。目录里有一万种以上的货，常见的有郁金香、百合、风信子、水仙、番红花、唐菖蒲、大丽花、鸢尾、萱草、宿根福禄考等几十个属。生意做到了 60 多个国家和地区。

皇家的认可，和做中国生意的办法

公司持有荷兰王室授予的皇家供应商标记。2024 年又拿到 SKAL 的有机产品认证，花、植株、球茎、种子及其繁殖材料都在许可范围内。

公司在中国没有设代理或分公司。大批量采购直接找亚洲区经理，从荷兰发货；小批量按品种看，部分可以空运。起订量是每个品种 2000 颗或一箱以上，单笔订单最低 1000 欧元，低于 3000 欧元要加收 15% 的附加费。报价分 FOB 和 EXW 两种，按每 1000 件以欧元计，不含增值税。春季品种每年一月起发货，秋季品种八月起。正常季节里，目录上的货平均能交到 95% 到 100%。公司还和荷兰大使馆一起参加北京、上海的中国国际花卉园艺展，到展台上给客户做一对一讲。

A Company That Started in Akersloot

The company traces back to 1866, when Nicolaas Blokker took a plot in Akersloot and grew 77 varieties of flower bulbs, mostly tulips but also crocuses, fritillaries and lancifolium lilies. The business was called Van ‘t Hof and Blokker back then. In 1868 the company was formally established, and that year Firma N. Blokker grew 18,990 lines of tulips worth 1,183.75 guilders and a half, roughly 537.16 euros. The half was carefully noted.

It was a family business to begin with. In 1888 Blokker’s widow married Jan van ‘t Hof, who had worked as a foreman at the company for years, and their son Jan Blokker took over. In 1891 the first flower bulbs went to England, followed by America and Canada. The company’s own account says that on one trip Jan Blokker used his experience to persuade Lady Bung, wife of the Canadian viceroy, and won a nice order on the spot.

From Limmen to Heiloo, and From Hands to Machines

As exports grew, the company moved to Limmen in 1922 and took over Jaap Dekker’s nursery: six hectares to begin with, nine more later, plus 20 hectares of sandy soil bought in the Anna Paulowna polder.

The work started to go to machines around 1963. In 1965, three hectares took four or five people three weeks; today two people with machinery clear it in a day. The company moved to Heiloo, where it still sits, in 1978. The name became Vanhof & Blokker in 1988. In 1992 Kees van der Velden took over and renamed the company Holland Bulb Market, dropped roses from the range and rearranged the business around bulbs.

Wartime Side Business and Tulips for Canada

During the war years exports to America and Canada collapsed, and only a little trade with Sweden and Germany remained. Jan Blokker set up a subsidiary called Hollandia, drying chicory roots as a coffee substitute and processing flower bulbs into pudding powder and cake powder. After 1945 the company went back to exporting flower bulbs.

Around 1945 a line between the Dutch royal family and Canada was drawn in tulips. Princess Juliana gave birth to Princess Margriet at the Ottawa Civic Hospital while in exile, and after the war she sent tens of thousands of tulip bulbs to Canada every year, 3,000 of them delivered to the Ottawa Civic Hospital by Van ‘t Hof and Blokker. That supply is what led to the first Tulip Festival in Ottawa in 1953. The Canadian capital now buys more than a million tulip bulbs a year.

Four Business Lines and Ten Thousand Products

Today the business runs in four lines. Landscaping supplies parks, roadside verges and private gardens, including ready-curated crates sold as Magic Friends Blends. Professional Growing serves cut flower and pot plant growers: bulbs are prepared at 5 or 9 degrees Celsius, the preparation rooms are computer controlled, and every batch goes out with a full growing schedule, while the company’s own greenhouses grow the same batches in parallel to keep an eye on them. Sister company Holland Bolroy Markt holds the world’s largest registered collection of tulip varieties.

Retail supplies ready-made consumer packaging with the plant passport the EU requires and a barcode of its own, so shops and garden centres can put it straight on the shelf. E-Commerce lets buyers take single crates or bulk packs and have the product packed under their own label. The range runs to more than ten thousand items across several dozen genera, among them tulips, lilies, hyacinths, daffodils, crocuses, gladioli, dahlias, irises, daylilies and garden phlox. The company sells in more than 60 countries.

Royal Recognition and How Chinese Buyers Order

The company holds a Royal Warrant from the Dutch Royal Household. In 2024 it also completed the audit for the SKAL organic certificate, covering flowers, plants, flower bulbs, seeds and their propagation material.

There is no agent and no branch in China. Bulk buyers deal with the Asia managers directly and goods ship from Holland; for smaller quantities some varieties can go by air freight. The minimum is 2,000 bulbs per variety or more than one crate, and the minimum order is 1,000 euros, with a 15 percent surcharge on orders below 3,000 euros. Prices are quoted FOB or EXW per 1,000 pieces in euros, excluding VAT. Spring varieties ship from January each year and autumn varieties from August. In a normal season the company delivers 95 to 100 percent of the catalogue. It also joins the Dutch embassy at the China International Flower Expo in Beijing and Shanghai, giving customers one-to-one advice at the stand.

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