新西兰 Weedbusters 入侵植物教育行动 – 全国入侵植物保护协作平台

起源：从昆士兰杂草宣传周到新西兰公众协作

Weedbusters 项目最初在澳大利亚开发，1994 年昆士兰州发起了杂草宣传周，1995 年扩展为 Weedbuster Day，当年有超过 3000 名昆士兰人参与全州范围内的清除活动；1997 年，在各州与地区政府以及杂草管理系统合作研究中心（CRC）的支持下，启动了全国 Weedbuster 周。新西兰随后引入并扩展了这一模式，由中央政府、地方政府、社区、iwi、毛利部落、研究机构以及环保志愿者共同推动，重点放在入侵性植物的早期识别、控制与教育上，而不是普通花园杂草。

杂草范围：386 种环境杂草与 1 800 种归化植物

根据源站 2026 年公布的数据，新西兰当前有 386 个植物物种被列为环境杂草（environmental weeds），约 1 800 个物种已开始归化（naturalise），可自行扩散；还有约 25 000 个外来园艺植物物种仍局限在花园中，规模超过本地原生植物种类的十倍。在不同部门使用的术语也不同：环境杂草由保育部（DOC）按保育地威胁列出；有害植物（pest plants）由区域议会与单一辖区议会依其区域有害动植物管理计划宣布；国家有害植物协定（National Pest Plant Accord, NPPA）物种则全国禁售禁繁——为简化公众沟通，Weedbusters 把这些统称为 “weeds”。

经济与生态代价：农林水电的持续损失

入侵杂草压制本地原生植物、破坏野生动物栖息地、阻塞水力发电站的进水口并阻碍发电。新西兰农民与林业经营者每年在杂草控制和产量损失上承担数千万新元，DOC 与各议会每年也投入数百万用于自然保护区的杂草治理。超过 75% 的最严重杂草最初都来自花园植物，因观赏价值被引入却逃逸到野外；约 10% 的外来园艺植物最终在野外自行定植，其中约 10% 又会变成严重害虫，花园废弃物被倾倒到保护区与路旁、周末市场和线上平台（如 Facebook Marketplace）继续销售入侵植物，都是扩散的主要途径。

公众行动：成为 Weedbuster 与社区协作

Weedbusters 把社区行动分为三档：在自家后院清除已知的入侵植物并替换为非杂草替代品种；动员邻居、同事、亲友一起参与；加入本地的清除日活动，在保护区、公园、河谷等自然区域做集中清除。参与者可在网站上注册成为 Weedbuster，查找附近的 Weedbusters 团体，对自然观察爱好者则推荐 iNaturalist NZ 平台记录杂草出现位置，相关数据汇入新西兰有害植物（杂草）数据集，为研究与管理部门提供分布信息。

资源与教育：Plant Me Instead 与 Weedbusting Guide

源站提供多份可下载的教育资源，包括 Plant Me Instead Booklet（替代园艺植物手册）、Weedbusting Guide（清除指南）、Glossary（术语表）、Useful Links（相关机构链接）以及自制 Weedbusters Booklet 工具，被学校、社区团体与地方政府广泛用于公众教育；按灌木与树木、藤本、草本与地被、禾草、水生、农业杂草分别列出控制方法，并介绍生物防治（biocontrol）、杂草废弃物处置、被禁售与需通报物种名单等专题。详细安排可参考其主页发布的活动信息与公众教育资料。

Origins: From the Queensland Awareness Week to New Zealand Community Action

The Weedbusters programme was originally developed in Australia. It began as a weed awareness week in Queensland in 1994 and expanded into Weedbuster Day in 1995, when more than 3,000 Queenslanders took part in state-wide busting events; in 1997, with the support of all state and territory governments and the Cooperative Research Centre for Weed Management Systems, it became the National Weedbuster Week. The model was adopted and adapted in New Zealand by central government, regional councils and unitary authorities, iwi and Māori communities, research institutes and volunteer groups, with a focus on invasive plants rather than everyday garden weeds.

Scope: 386 Environmental Weeds and 1,800 Naturalising Species

According to figures published on the source site, New Zealand currently has 386 plant species classified as environmental weeds, with another 1,800 species beginning to naturalise and spread without human assistance; a further 25,000 exotic plant species remain mostly confined to gardens and nurseries, more than ten times the number of native plant species. Different agencies use different labels: environmental weeds are listed by the Department of Conservation (DOC), pest plants are declared by regional councils and unitary authorities under their regional pest management plans, and National Pest Plant Accord (NPPA) species are banned from sale and propagation nationwide.

Economic and Ecological Costs

Invasive weeds displace native plants, destroy wildlife habitat and block water intakes at hydroelectric stations. Farmers and foresters lose tens of millions of dollars a year in control costs and lost production; councils and DOC together spend millions of dollars annually on weed control in natural areas. More than 75 percent of New Zealand’s worst weeds started as ornamental garden plants, with roughly 10 percent of the 25,000 introduced garden plants eventually establishing in the wild, and about 10 percent of those becoming serious pests.

Community Action and Citizen Science

The programme encourages three levels of action: backyard action to identify and remove invasive plants and replace them with non-weedy alternatives; neighbourhood action to talk to friends, family, neighbours and workmates about the work being done; and community action to take part in organised weedbusting events in local reserves, parks, gullies and other natural areas. Volunteers can register as a Weedbuster, find local groups, and contribute observations through iNaturalist NZ, which feeds into the Pest Plants (weeds) of New Zealand dataset.

Resources, Education and Contact

The source site publishes downloadable resources including the Plant Me Instead Booklet, the Weedbusting Guide, a glossary of weed terms, useful links to related agencies and a custom booklet tool. School and community groups, as well as regional councils, use these materials in public education; control guidance is grouped by plant type (pest shrubs and trees, vines, herbs and ground covers, grasses, aquatic plants and agricultural weeds), and the site also covers biological control, disposal of weed waste and the list of banned and notifiable plants.

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