美国邓恩花园 Dunn Gardens – 西雅图百年历史植物园

邓恩花园的历史沿革与奥姆斯特德兄弟规划设计

邓恩花园（The Dunn Gardens）坐落于美国华盛顿州西雅图市北部的布罗德维尤（Broadview）社区，原址是 Arthur Dunn 于 1914 年购置的约 10 英亩未开发林地。1915 年 5 月，Arthur Dunn 委托位于马萨诸塞州布鲁克莱恩的奥姆斯特德兄弟景观公司（Olmsted Brothers Landscape Firm）为这片坡地制定总平面规划，目标是将其打造为邓恩家族夏季使用的乡村庄园；次年春季奥姆斯特德兄弟交付种植方案，由 Arthur Dunn 本人亲手实施，保留了原有的次生道格拉斯冷杉林、南侧沟壑以及西向普吉特湾与奥林匹克山脉的远眺视线，并以不规则春花灌木群、大面积球根花卉成片栽植与落叶乔木为骨架。1945 年 Arthur Dunn 去世后庄园被家族成员分割，1949 年原灰色木瓦老屋被拆除重建为常驻住宅，原有网球场与菜园区域亦陆续被改建为家族住宅，但奥姆斯特德兄弟当年所确立的园林骨架完整延续至今：弧形车行线与步行小径的曲线走向依旧清晰，大草坪的边界依旧遵循 1916 年种植方案，Arthur Dunn 当年栽植的落叶乔木依旧提供着南向的色彩与季相对比。如今，花园由 E.B. Dunn 历史花园信托基金会（E.B. Dunn Historic Garden Trust）维护运营，是华盛顿州境内唯一一座向公众开放、由奥姆斯特德兄弟公司设计的住宅园林，并已被列入《美国国家史迹名录》（National Register of Historic Places）。

艾德·邓恩林地花园与本土植物收藏

邓恩花园中的林地花园部分（E.B. Dunn Woodland Garden）由 Arthur Dunn 与 Jeanette Williams Dunn 的次子 Edward Bernard Dunn 于 1947 年起着手营造，并在 2.5 英亩的原始菜园与车库基地上逐步扩展，直至其 1991 年辞世。林地花园反映了艾德对威廉·罗宾逊（William Robinson）英式自然林地园艺风格的推崇，种植了种类丰富的杜鹃花属、观赏花木与林下耐阴植物，包括赤莲属（erythroniums）、延龄草属（trilliums）等小型球根花卉，并依托原有道格拉斯冷杉与落叶乔木所形成的林冠层展开配植；近年种植记录新增 Rosa pomifera、Rosa sericea subsp. omiensis f. pteracantha、Rubus parviflorus、Salvia x hybrida ‘Wendy’s Wish’、Rhododendron ‘Fred Peste’、Rhododendron stenopetalum ‘Linearifolium’、Rhododendron triflorum、Rhododendron williamsianum 与 Rhododendron x ‘Nancy Evans’ 等多个杂交与原种杜鹃及其他观赏植物。艾德本人是公认的太平洋西北地区本土植物权威，曾于 1957 年至 1960 年担任西雅图植物园基金会（Seattle Arboretum Foundation）主席并主导了基金会下属日本庭园的发展，1965 年至 1969 年间担任美国杜鹃花学会（American Rhododendron Society）主席、1972 年获该学会金奖（Gold Medal），同时亦是物种杜鹃花学会（Species Rhododendron Society）创始成员，并于 1971 年出任该学会主席。林地花园所体现的，是将英式自然主义林地园艺风格与太平洋西北本土物种相融合的实践——这在太平洋西海岸的城市公共花园中并不多见。

开放参观、导览服务与无障碍设施

邓恩花园常年周一至周六上午 9 时至下午 4 时向公众开放（具体日期可能因园务活动临时调整，参观前建议查询该机构官方网站的开放公告），访客可在开放时间内进行自助参观，亦可预约由义务讲解员带领的导览参观（docent-led tour）；导览季一般为 4 月至 10 月，单次导览时长约为 90 分钟至 2 小时，每位访客收费 15 美元，会员可享受免费导览。在无障碍服务方面，花园得到华盛顿州旅游发展局（Washington State Department of Tourism）「Make Dunn Gardens for Everyone!」专项拨款支持，配备有一台 GRIT Freedom Chair 全地形轮椅，可在砾石步道、草坪、木屑小径等多种路面上使用，使行动不便的访客能够更完整地探索园区（南侧沟壑小径因坡度较陡不适用于轮椅通行）；轮椅可通过园方公布的联系渠道提前预约，访客需提供姓名、到访日期与时间、回访联系方式。花园的土地致谢声明（Land Acknowledgement Statement）确认其坐落于 Duwamish 族及其他原住民世代栖居的土地之上，并致力于通过园林保护工作延续原住民与这片景观之间长久以来的连接；园方倡导拼车、公共交通与骑行，并专门设置有一处无障碍停车位以服务行动不便的访客。

会员机制、年度活动与教育合作

邓恩花园的可持续运营由 E.B. Dunn 历史花园信托基金会负责，基金会下设会员机制：会员可享受免费导览、活动优先报名及通讯订阅等权益，每年可邀请亲友同行一次，并为花园的日常维护与历史保护提供持续支持。年度活动围绕季节性园艺主题与本土文化策划公开活动，2025 年至 2026 年度的活动日程包含「Sweet Pea School」香豌豆栽培工作坊、「Trees of Dunn Gardens」由城市林业专家 Taha Ebrahimi 主讲的园区树木导览、「Shrubs – The Shearables, Hackables, and the Untouchables」灌木修剪示范课、「Books with Beth」读书会、「Yoga in the Gardens」户外瑜伽课，以及与太平洋西北非裔美籍拼布艺术家团体（PNWAAQ）合作的「Pines & Needles」开放式拼布艺术展，并首次推出「Tails on Trails」宠物友好日、搭配 Celtic 风格现场音乐演出，使花园成为城市生活中具有包容性的社区公共空间。园方亦参与西北多年生植物联盟（Northwest Perennial Alliance, NPA）的 Open Gardens 项目，定期在年度开放日欢迎 NPA 成员与其他园艺爱好者入园交流，并与若干大学园艺与景观建筑课程保持稳定的教学实习合作——实习生可在花园内参与植物标签体系建设、本土植物调查、历史种植方案数字化归档等专项工作。

组织治理与可持续使命

E.B. Dunn 历史花园信托基金会是依据美国国内税收法第 501(c)(3) 条款注册的公益性慈善组织，所有捐赠在法律允许范围内可享受联邦所得税税前扣除，董事会成员由本地园艺、景观建筑、遗产保护与公共教育领域的专业人士组成，并设有全职工作人员与志愿讲解员团队。基金会的核心使命在官方表述中被概括为：我们保存并提升邓恩花园这一公共资源，纪念 1915 年奥姆斯特德兄弟的原创设计，并向访客展示太平洋西北地区园艺设计的演变脉络。在可持续运营层面，基金会通过会员费、活动门票、婚礼场地租赁、纪念长椅认购（每座 5,000 美元，附镌刻铜牌，可由访客指定位置）等多元渠道筹集维护资金，并将所有收入再投入于历史园林修复、本土植物保育、园艺教育推广及无障碍设施改善；婚礼与私人活动租赁须由园方统一协调，以确保场地使用不与公共参观时段冲突，并避免对历史园林结构造成不可逆的影响。这座由奥姆斯特德兄弟于 1915 年规划、由两代邓恩家族成员悉心维护、并由信托基金会持续向公众开放的百年园林，是西雅图城市绿地遗产中不可或缺的组成部分，也是了解美国景观设计从私家庄园走向公共资源的鲜活案例。

官网：https://www.dunngardens.org/

History and Olmsted Brothers Plan of Dunn Gardens

The Dunn Gardens is located in the Broadview neighborhood of north Seattle, Washington, on land originally purchased in 1914 by Arthur Dunn as an undeveloped ten-acre wooded property; in May 1915 Arthur Dunn engaged the Olmsted Brothers Landscape Firm of Brookline, Massachusetts, to develop the master plan and locate the cottage for a family summer “country place,” and the planting plan delivered in spring 1916 was implemented by Arthur Dunn himself, retaining the original firs and native plants while introducing irregular groups of spring-flowering shrubs, large drifts of bulbs, and deciduous trees for seasonal contrast. After Arthur Dunn’s death in 1945 the estate was divided among family members, the original grey-shingled summer house was replaced in 1949 by a year-round residence in the same low-lying style, and the garage on the east side was converted to a residence in 1947; the Olmsted landscape structure, however, remains intact — the curvilinear drive and foot paths are still in their original alignment, the Great Lawn edge still follows the Olmsted plan, and the deciduous trees that Arthur Dunn planted continue to provide visual contrast to the south. Today the gardens are owned and maintained by the E.B. Dunn Historic Garden Trust, a 501(c)(3) charitable organization, and are listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the only residential garden designed by the Olmsted firm that is open to the public in Washington state.

The E.B. Dunn Woodland Garden and Plant Collection

The E.B. Dunn Woodland Garden was begun in 1947 by Edward Bernard Dunn, the second child of Arthur and Jeanette Williams Dunn, on the 2.5-acre site of the former garage and vegetable garden, and he continued to tend the planting until his death in 1991. The woodland planting is reminiscent of William Robinson’s English woodland gardens and includes rhododendrons, specimen flowering trees, and woodland plants such as erythroniums and trilliums, sited beneath a canopy of fir and deciduous trees that remain from the original Olmsted plan; recent additions documented in the garden’s plant records include Rosa pomifera, Rosa sericea subsp. omiensis f. pteracantha, Rubus parviflorus, Salvia x hybrida ‘Wendy’s Wish’, Rhododendron ‘Fred Peste’, Rhododendron stenopetalum ‘Linearifolium’, Rhododendron triflorum, Rhododendron williamsianum, and Rhododendron x ‘Nancy Evans’. Ed Dunn was a prolific garden writer and a recognized authority on Pacific Northwest native plants, served as president of the Seattle Arboretum Foundation from 1957 to 1960 and guided the development of its Japanese Garden, was president of the American Rhododendron Society from 1965 to 1969 and received that society’s Gold Medal in 1972, and was a founding member of the Species Rhododendron Society, serving as its president in 1971; the woodland garden as a whole embodies the synthesis of an English woodland-gardening tradition with Pacific Northwest native and hybrid ornamental species, an approach that is comparatively rare among public gardens on the west coast of North America.

Visiting Hours, Tours and Accessibility

The Dunn Gardens is open Monday through Saturday, 9:00 am to 4:00 pm, with self-guided visits available during all open hours and docent-led guided tours offered from April through October; each guided tour lasts approximately 90 minutes to two hours and costs $15 per person, while members may schedule one complimentary tour per year through the garden office. Visitors are encouraged to park on Northshire Road NW, enter through the large white gates, and enjoy the short walk down the drive to the check-in and office; carpooling, public transportation, bicycling, and walking are encouraged, and one ADA parking space is reserved near Ed’s Cottage for visitors with mobility needs. Thanks to a “Make Dunn Gardens for Everyone!” grant from the Washington State Department of Tourism, the gardens now provide a GRIT Freedom Chair all-terrain wheelchair that can be reserved in advance through the office for use on gravel paths, lawns, wood chips, and nearly all routes throughout the property, except the steep Ravine Trail; the garden’s published Land Acknowledgement Statement recognizes that the property sits on the ancestral homelands of the Duwamish and other Indigenous Peoples, and the organization frames its Olmsted-inspired mission as ensuring that public parks and gardens are welcoming, inclusive spaces where everyone feels they belong.

Membership, Programs and Community Partnerships

Operations are sustained by the E.B. Dunn Historic Garden Trust through memberships, program fees, private-event rentals, commemorative bench dedications, and individual donations; members receive complimentary tours, priority registration for programs, the seasonal newsletter, and reciprocal benefits with selected regional horticultural organizations, and may invite a friend or family member once per year as part of their membership. The annual program combines hands-on horticulture education, public engagement, and cultural programming, with recent and upcoming offerings including the Sweet Pea School workshop, the Trees of Dunn Gardens walk led by urban forestry specialist Taha Ebrahimi, the Shrubs pruning master class, Books with Beth reading gatherings, Yoga in the Gardens sessions, and the Pines and Needles open-air quilt exhibition with the Pacific Northwest African American Quilters (PNWAAQ). Through its participation in the Northwest Perennial Alliance (NPA) Open Gardens program, the gardens open their gates periodically to NPA members and the wider gardening public for days of exploration and inspiration; the gardens also host Tails on Trails, a pet-friendly day paired with Celtic music from Third Harbour, and welcome school and university groups studying landscape architecture, public garden management, and Pacific Northwest horticulture, with all programs and tours listed on the official Calendar of Events page.

Governance, Conservation and Sustainability Mandate

The E.B. Dunn Historic Garden Trust is governed by a board of directors drawn from the Seattle-area horticulture, landscape architecture, heritage conservation, and public-education communities, supported by a small staff team and a dedicated corps of volunteer docents. The published mission statement reads: “We preserve and enhance Dunn Gardens as a public resource, celebrating the original 1915 Olmsted design and showcasing the evolution of garden design in the Pacific Northwest.” Conservation activities include routine pruning of the historic deciduous canopy, invasive-plant management in the native woodland understory, recording and labeling of species and cultivar accessions, and digital archiving of the Dunn Gardens archive for research access; commemorative benches, installed for a contribution of $5,000 each with an inscribed plaque, are available on a first-come, first-served basis at limited sites, providing both a lasting family tribute and direct support for the gardens. The combination of historic preservation, public access, education, and inclusive programming positions the Dunn Gardens as a distinctive Pacific Northwest public-garden resource and as a rare surviving example of an Olmsted Brothers residential commission that has become, after more than a century, a permanent part of Seattle’s cultural landscape.

Official Site: https://www.dunngardens.org/