美国 西北农药替代品中心 – 推动社区与生态层面的无毒害虫与杂草管理方案

组织定位与基本架构

美国西北农药替代品中心（Northwest Center for Alternatives to Pesticides，简称 NCAP）是一家设在俄勒冈州尤金市的 501(c)(3) 非营利环保组织，1977 年由西部各州关心公共林地健康的环保团体联合发起，最初名为 Northwest Coalition for Alternatives to Pesticides，2010 年才更名为现名，运营范围覆盖俄勒冈、华盛顿与爱达荷三州。中心主要通过研究、教育和政策倡导三条路径，推动社区与生态层面的无毒害虫与杂草管理方案，减少农药使用对人体健康和自然环境的累积性影响。

早期森林运动到区域机构

NCAP 最初的核心工作是组建联盟、以法律手段阻止在俄勒冈、华盛顿公共林区进行的空中除草剂喷洒。1980 年代，中心在俄勒冈和华盛顿州公共森林航空除草剂诉讼中取得胜诉，案件虽未全面禁止除草剂使用，但限制了针对入侵与有害杂草的局部喷洒，也奠定了 NCAP 在西北地区农药政策辩论中的位置。1990 年代，NCAP 发起联邦监管层面的倡导，促使美国环保署在 2009 年首次承认政府有责任公开农药产品中所有惰性成分的信息。

三州本地合作项目

1990 年代末，中心与爱达荷州肖肖尼-班诺克部落合作，协助部落农民及租用其土地的农户减少对土壤熏蒸剂 metam sodium 的依赖，并推广种植芥菜绿肥作为生物熏蒸剂，相关做法在爱达荷南部推广到约 40000 英亩马铃薯田地。同期，中心启动 Clean Water for Salmon 项目，通过一系列协调的法律行动，促成美国首次针对数千英里鲑鱼栖息水域的农药使用限制措施。2000 年代末启动的 Pesticide Free Parks 项目，则推动区域内 90 余座公园转向无农药管理。

社区参与与多元协作

NCAP 在拉丁裔园艺工人群体中开展 Latinx Landscape Network 工作，提供英语与西班牙语双语资源，帮助从业者了解职业农药暴露的健康风险和防护路径。中心年度举办的爱达荷有机农业田间日活动，将农民、技术人员和研究人员带到田间进行同业交流，是其面向种植者的核心教育平台之一。2017 年，NCAP 启动多元、平等与包容（DEI）评估，把外部公平顾问引入内部运营、对外传播和项目设计。

治理结构与公开资源

NCAP 的董事会和员工分布在俄勒冈、爱达荷与华盛顿三州，2021 年 10 月起，中心改用联合主任（Co-Director）共同治理模式，由 Ashley Chesser 与 Dominica Navarro Martinez 共同担任执行主任。机构每年发布 Impact Report 与 Strategic Plan Summary，并在所属站点公开使命陈述、历史年表、年度报告及多种害虫与杂草管理指南。

Profile and Organizational Structure

The Northwest Center for Alternatives to Pesticides (NCAP) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization headquartered in Eugene, Oregon. It was founded in 1977 by a coalition of community-based groups concerned about public forest health across the western states, originally as the Northwest Coalition for Alternatives to Pesticides, and adopted its current name in 2010. The organization serves rural and urban communities throughout Oregon, Washington and Idaho, working to reduce pesticide use through research, education and advocacy.

Early Forest Campaigns and Federal Advocacy

In the 1980s, NCAP joined a winning lawsuit that curbed aerial helicopter herbicide spraying on Oregon and Washington public forests. The ruling did not end herbicide use outright but imposed limits on targeted applications for invasive and noxious weeds, and established NCAP’s role in regional pesticide policy debates. In the 1990s, the organization began advocating at the federal level for disclosure of inert pesticide ingredients, contributing to a 2009 EPA policy shift in which the Obama Administration recognized the government’s responsibility to disclose all ingredients in pesticide products.

Regional Programs Across Three States

In the late 1990s, NCAP partnered with the Shoshone-Bannock Tribes in Idaho to reduce the use of metam sodium, a soil fumigant classified as a human carcinogen, and promoted mustard greens as a green-manure biofumigant; farmers adopted the practice on roughly 40,000 acres of southern Idaho potato land. From 2000 onward, the Clean Water for Salmon campaign used coordinated litigation to win the first pesticide-use restrictions protecting thousands of miles of salmon-supporting waters. The Pesticide Free Parks initiative, launched in the late 2000s, has helped more than 90 parks in the region transition to pesticide-free management.

Community Engagement and Equity Work

NCAP runs the Latinx Landscape Network for Spanish-speaking landscapers and farm workers, offering bilingual resources and peer learning events on pesticide exposure and safer practices. The organization also hosts an annual Organic Farming Conference in Idaho, where farmers, researchers and agricultural professionals exchange field experience. Beginning in 2017, NCAP worked with an external equity coach to develop a Diversity, Equity and Inclusion plan, integrating DEI principles into internal operations, communications, and program design.

Governance and Public Resources

NCAP’s board and staff are distributed across Oregon, Idaho and Washington. In October 2021 the organization adopted a Co-Director shared-leadership model, initially with Ashley Chesser and Dominica Navarro Martinez serving jointly as Executive Directors. The organization publishes an annual Impact Report and a Strategic Plan Summary, and makes its vision, history, board profiles, annual reports and pest-management guides available through its official website.

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