历史沿革
英国皇家公园慈善机构 The Royal Parks 于 2017 年 3 月正式成立，并于同年 7 月启动运作，承接原由英国政府直接管理的伦敦五千英亩皇家园林与绿地。其历史可追溯至十六世纪亨利八世时期：格林尼治公园与里士满公园在十六世纪初即为皇家猎苑，亨利八世另圈占原属天主教修道院的土地，扩展为海德公园、肯辛顿花园与摄政公园；白厅宫殿周边的御苑逐渐演变为圣詹姆斯公园与绿园。十七世纪查理二世推出宏大的格林尼治整修方案，王后卡罗琳于十八世纪初重塑肯辛顿花园并开凿著名的九曲湖。海德公园在 1637 年由查理一世首次向公众开放，圣詹姆斯公园紧随其后，至十九世纪全部八座皇家园林均对公众敞开。
管辖范围
慈善机构目前管理八座世界级皇家公园，分别是布什公园（逾一千英亩，野生鹿群栖息地）、绿园（位于白金汉宫附近的城市绿洲）、格林尼治公园（十七世纪景观与罗马遗址并存）、海德公园（大型公共活动与历史纪念地）、肯辛顿花园（二百六十五英亩，戴安娜王妃纪念喷泉所在地）、摄政公园与樱草山（伦敦最大的户外运动与花园空间之一）、里士满公园（二千五百英亩，古橡树与鹿群，著名的伊莎贝拉花圃所在地）、圣詹姆斯公园（最古老的皇家公园，紧邻白金汉宫）。除八座主园外，还管理西伦敦的布鲁姆顿公墓（英国一级登录建筑，安葬逾二十万人）与威斯敏斯特中心的维多利亚塔花园。
使命与公益运作
作为面向公众开放的慈善机构，皇家公园每年接待数千万名游客，承担十七万株乔木与灌木的养护、为七千余种野生动植物维护多样生境、连接数千名中学生了解绿色职业、保障逾千名女足球员使用混合草皮球场、举办约三十场大型活动（从国家典礼到大型音乐会）、并维护一百九十七座登录建筑、雕像与纪念物。机构采取可持续发展战略，目标在 2030 年前消除直接运营的全部温室气体排放，并进一步覆盖供应链碳足迹，以应对气候变化与生物多样性双重危机。
园艺与遗产保护
皇家公园在历史园林保育方面承担重要角色：肯辛顿花园的九曲湖、摄政公园的英式玫瑰花园与玛丽女王花园、里士满公园的伊莎贝拉花圃、格林尼治公园的十七世纪景观、布鲁姆顿公墓的遗产墓园均实施专业化养护。园艺团队承担季节性花境展示、玫瑰修剪、古树诊断、苗圃育苗与景观更新，并通过学徒计划向下一代园艺师传授传统皇家园林技艺。机构同时参与 Green Flag Award 等绿色认证评选，以行业标准持续提升景观质量。
公众参与与访问
所有皇家公园全年免费向公众开放，访客可通过公共交通抵达。机构出版年度活动日历与主题导览，涵盖自然漫步、家庭工作坊、历史文化讲解与季节性节庆。访客可通过 Nature Lottery 项目以小额参与方式支持野生动物与树木保护。公众联络与捐赠事宜以官方网页公布的联系信息为准。
History and Origins
The Royal Parks charity was formally established in March 2017 and launched in July of the same year, taking over stewardship of five thousand acres of historic London parkland. The landscapes themselves trace back to the early sixteenth century, when Henry VIII established Greenwich Park and Richmond Park as royal hunting grounds, then expanded into Hyde Park, Kensington Gardens and The Regent’s Park through the dissolution of monastic estates. King Charles II later reshaped Greenwich Park in the 1660s, and Queen Caroline transformed Kensington Gardens in the 1720s. Hyde Park became the first to open to the public in 1637, with all eight parks fully accessible by the nineteenth century.
Estate Portfolio
The charity manages eight world-class parks: Bushy Park (over one thousand acres, home to wild deer), The Green Park, Greenwich Park, Hyde Park, Kensington Gardens (two hundred and sixty-five acres), The Regent’s Park and Primrose Hill, Richmond Park (two thousand five hundred acres with ancient oaks and the Isabella Plantation), and St James’s Park (the oldest royal park). The portfolio also includes Brompton Cemetery, a Grade I listed resting place for more than two hundred thousand people, and Victoria Tower Gardens in Westminster.
Charitable Mission
Each year the charity welcomes tens of millions of visitors, cares for one hundred and seventy thousand trees and shrubs, sustains habitats for over seven thousand wildlife species, connects thousands of secondary students to green careers, ensures over one thousand female footballers can use the hybrid pitch, hosts around thirty major events, and preserves one hundred and ninety-seven listed buildings, statues and monuments. A new sustainability strategy commits the charity to eliminating direct operational greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 and addressing supply chain emissions thereafter.
Horticulture and Heritage
The horticultural teams maintain the Serpentine in Kensington Gardens, the rose gardens and Queen Mary’s Gardens in The Regent’s Park, the Isabella Plantation at Richmond Park, the seventeenth-century landscape at Greenwich Park, and the heritage planting schemes across the cemeteries. Apprenticeship programmes pass traditional royal-park horticultural skills to a new generation, and the charity regularly participates in the Green Flag Award scheme to maintain landscape quality to recognised standards.
Visiting and Engagement
All Royal Parks remain free to access throughout the year, with published calendars of guided walks, family workshops, heritage talks and seasonal events. Visitors can support wildlife and tree conservation through the Nature Lottery. General enquiries and donations are handled through the contact channels published on the official site.
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