日本 丰明园 – 爱知县专业从事万年青栽培与销售的家族式苗圃

丰明园（Houmeien）位于日本爱知县冈崎市，是一家专业从事万年青（おもと，Rohdea japonica）栽培与销售的家族式苗圃，已传承超过一百年。園主以「ただ一筋に万年青をはぐくむ」（一心一意培育万年青）为座右铭，主营江戸古典園芸品种——羅紗、獅子、薄葉、大葉、実生、引越しおもと、お祝いおもと 等各类精品，并在冈崎本店与官方网店同步销售。2025 年 10 月，NHK《趣味の園芸》十月特辑聚焦万年青专题，丰明园作为取材与拍摄协力園被介绍至全国观众。

万年青的历史与文化定位

万年青在日本文化中具有「めでたい植物」「縁起のよい植物」的特殊地位——常绿、寿命长、姿态沉稳，自古被用于正月祝儀、新築・開店・引っ越し等馈赠场合。相传慶長11年（1606 年）徳川家康公入主江戸城时怀抱三河国長沢村长島長兵衛所赠斑入り万年青三鉢，并将万年青装饰于床之间，由此奠定万年青作为祝儀植物的传统。日光東照宮等寺社仏閣的雕刻中亦可见万年青图案，奠定了其在日本古典園芸中的核心地位。

品种体系与图鉴分类

丰明园将所经营的万年青按葉形、葉芸与葉柄系统分为三大群系——小葉（羅紗）、中葉（薄葉）、大葉（ouha）——并整理出完整的品種図鑑・芸図鑑・柄図鑑三大在线图鉴：品种图鉴收录按 50 音顺索引的愛玉殿、爱国殿、吾平之光、晓、阿賀野川、秋田三光、秋津島 等数百种銘品；芸図鑑收录雅糸竜、二面竜、小波葉、跳ね龍、玉竜、獅子葉 等 23 种葉形之芸，加上縞、覆輪、虎斑、千代田斑、根岸斑、曙柄、紺覆輪、黄実 等約 17 种葉柄之芸，合计約 40 种葉芸；柄図鑑则系统整理縞柄、覆輪、曙柄、虎斑、根岸柄、鼈甲柄、駿河柄、胡麻斑柄、白覆輪 等 18 种葉柄类型。

栽培指南与交配方法

丰明园面向初学者与進阶者分别提供「おもとの育て方 初心者向け」「おもとの育て方 完全版」两套栽培体系：関東平野部基準栽培暦涵盖春・夏・秋・冬四季的水やり、置き場（日陰 50–75% 遮光）、肥料、植え替え、台風対策 等细节；繁殖方面，5–6 月为愛知県开花交配期，园方详细记录「ホセ」（交配用竹串）制作、千代田斑狙い 等具体交配手法，并归纳出「柄はメス木、葉芸形質はオス木」等遗传规律。

年度活动与媒体合作

丰明园每年参与多项日本中部的万年青专题展会：自 2026 年起已是第 100 回三河おもと名品展（岡崎 JA 農遊館）长期参与方，并在 GREEN LIFE JAM in OKAZAKI（岡崎桜城橋）、愛珍植祭（刈谷市産業振興センター）、天下一植物界（京セラドーム大阪） 等展销会中出展即売。NHK E テレ《趣味の園芸》2025 年 10 月 12 日首播、再播 10 月 17 日的万年青专题中，丰明园作为协力園提供了取材撮影用株和部分江戸時代以来的銘品展示。

Houmeien (豊明園) is a family-run specialist nursery in Okazaki, Aichi Prefecture, Japan, devoted entirely to Omoto (万年青, Rohdea japonica) — a classical Japanese ornamental plant with deep cultural roots. With more than a century of cultivation heritage, the nursery operates from its Okazaki store and an online shop offering premium cultivars in the categories Rasha (羅紗), Shishi (獅子), Usuha (薄葉), Ōba (大葉), Seedling (実生), Hikkoshi Omoto (引越しおもと), and Celebratory Omoto (お祝いおもと). In October 2025 Houmeien collaborated with NHK’s “Shumi no Engei” (Gardening for Pleasure) programme on its Omoto special feature.

Historical and Cultural Positioning of Omoto

Omoto holds a distinctive place in Japanese culture as a symbol of longevity, good fortune, and celebration — evergreen, long-lived, and stately in form, it has been used for centuries in New Year decorations, housewarmings, store openings, and house-moving gifts. According to tradition, in Keichō 11 (1606) Tokugawa Ieyasu entered Edo Castle carrying three variegated Omoto pots gifted by Nagashima Chōbei of Mikawa Province’s Nagasawa Village, displaying them in the alcove and thus establishing Omoto as the canonical celebratory plant. Carved depictions of Omoto also appear in the ornamental woodwork of Nikkō Tōshō-gū and other historic shrines.

Cultivar System and Illustrated Atlases

Houmeien classifies its Omoto holdings into three major leaf-size groups — Small (Rasha 羅紗), Medium (Usuha 薄葉), and Large (Ōba 大葉) — and publishes three integrated online atlases: a Cultivar Atlas indexing several hundred named varieties (愛玉殿, 爱国殿, 吾平の光, 暁, 阿賀野川, 秋田三光, 秋津島, etc.) in 50-sound order; a Leaf-form Atlas (芸図鑑) documenting 23 representative leaf shapes (雅糸竜, 二面竜, 小波葉, 跳ね龍, 玉竜, 獅子葉, etc.) plus 17 leaf patterns (縞, 覆輪, 虎斑, 千代田斑, 曙柄, 紺覆輪, 黄実) for a combined total of around 40 distinct leaf arts; and a Pattern Atlas (柄図鑑) systematically presenting 18 leaf-pattern types (縞柄, 覆輪, 曙柄, 虎斑, 根岸柄, 鼈甲柄, 駿河柄, 胡麻斑柄, 白覆輪, etc.).

Cultivation Guidance and Hybridisation

Houmeien offers two complementary cultivation handbooks — “Omoto no Sodatekata: Beginner Edition” and “Omoto no Sodatekata: Complete Edition” — based on the Kanto Plain cultivation calendar, covering seasonal watering, light management (50–75% shading in summer), fertilising, repotting, and typhoon response across spring, summer, autumn and winter. For propagation, the Aichi flowering and crossing season runs from May to June; the nursery documents the use of “Hose” (crossing bamboo skewers), Chiyo-da斑 targeting strategies, and the inheritance pattern “leaf patterns inherited mainly from the mother plant, leaf-form characters more strongly from the father plant.”

Annual Events and Media Collaborations

Houmeien participates every year in a number of central-Japan Omoto exhibitions: it is a long-standing contributor to the 100th Mikawa Omoto Meihin-ten at JA Nōyūkan Okazaki, and exhibits at GREEN LIFE JAM in OKAZAKI (Sakuragi-bashi), Aichin Shokusai in Kariya City Industrial Promotion Center, and Tenka-ichi Shokubutsu-kai at Kyocera Dome Osaka. In NHK E-Tele’s “Shumi no Engei” Omoto special (first broadcast 12 October 2025, rebroadcast 17 October 2025), Houmeien served as the cooperating nursery providing specimen plants and a selection of historic Edo-period cultivars for on-camera display.

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