系统定位与建设背景
iPlant 植物智是 2009 年起由中国科学院植物研究所主持建设的植物物种信息系统，官方网站 iplant.cn 由植物所大数据与 AI 生物多样性保护研究中心维护，2025 年 12 月最新更新。该平台以中国植物志、中国植物图像库和花伴侣智能识别体系为三大支柱，将文献数据、图像资源和识别工具整合到统一入口，向科研、教育、园艺和公众用户提供跨平台物种信息检索服务。截至 2025 年，平台已累计整合约 17.6 亿条物种数据，月访问量超过 1.4 亿人次，是中国规模最大的植物物种数据综合平台之一。
核心数据库与文献集成
平台把十一类历史信息系统汇聚到一起，最核心的是《中国植物志》全文电子版和 Flora of China 英文修订版。《中国植物志》共 80 卷 126 册、5000 多万字，记录 301 科 3408 属 31142 种植物，由 312 位作者和 164 位绘图人员历时 80 年积累、45 年编撰，2009 年获国家自然科学一等奖；Flora of China 英文版则自 1989 年起由中国科学院与美国密苏里植物园合作编研。围绕文献之外，平台还纳入了中国珍稀濒危植物、中国资源植物、中国外来入侵物种、中国归化植物、植物百科、拍花识植物、中国植物图像库和中国数字植物园等子系统，从分布、生境、保护、利用、识别多个维度共同支撑物种数据查询。
智能识别与移动应用
平台通过花伴侣系列把人工智能识别能力开放给公众。花伴侣由植物所联合鲁朗软件基于中国植物图像库的海量分类图片以深度学习方式开发，能识别中国野生及栽培植物约 3000 属、近 5000 种，识别结果按最新分子系统学成果给出科属，并附常用俗名；线下 App 包括苹果专业版、安卓精简版以及「花伴侣专业版」标本识别版。除花伴侣外，平台还推出了「志在掌握」《中国植物志》手机版、标本馆伴侣（属植物标本识别与采集记录工具）和草本伴侣「晓草」，配合网页端的智能助手识别入口，实现从野外拍照、标本采集到文献查阅的一体化流程。
公共数据与决策支持
平台把学术数据直接转化为决策支撑工具。中国外来入侵物种信息系统按照四级体系梳理外来植物危害：恶性入侵 38 种、严重入侵 50 种、局部入侵 69 种、一般入侵 61 种；国家重点保护野生植物大数据平台汇总国家一级保护植物 54 种 4 类、国家二级保护植物 401 种 36 类；中国归化植物信息系统按草本 828 种、藤本 70 种、灌木 101 种、乔木 100 种分类。植物百科条目支持物种县级分布热力图、名称校对、Sp2000 分类编辑器等学术工具，2025 年 5 月发布的《中国植物物种名录 2025 版》收录 119584 条名称数据，含 47037 个接受名称和 72547 个异名，成为全国植物多样性研究、保护和管理的基础参考。
国际合作与开放共享
iPlant 植物智始终坚持公益开放原则，所有文献、图像和物种信息均通过 iplant.cn 及十余个镜像站点面向公众免费开放，是中国植物多样性数据走向世界的重要窗口。Flora of China 自 1989 年起的中美合作、中国植物图像库与国内外研究机构的图像交换、2024 年恢复更新的中国数字植物园等子系统的跨平台联动，使国内外学者可以便捷获取中国植物的本底数据。平台由中国科学院植物研究所这一国家级学术机构主持运营，长期承担植物多样性保护、植物资源利用和植物科学普及的国家使命，定位为兼具学术权威性和公众可达性的国家级植物数据综合门户。
Background and Mission
iPlant is an integrated plant species information system built and maintained by the Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences through its Big Data and AI for Biodiversity Conservation Research Center. Construction began in 2009 and the platform went live at iplant.cn as a single entry point for taxonomic literature, plant images, distribution data, and AI identification tools serving researchers, educators, horticulturists, and the public. By 2025 the system aggregates roughly 1.76 billion data records and serves more than 144 million visits per month, making it one of the largest integrated plant species data platforms in China.
Core Databases and Literature Integration
At the heart of the platform are the full-text electronic edition of the Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae (FRPS) and the English revision Flora of China. The Chinese-language Flora spans 80 volumes in 126 books and more than 50 million characters, documenting 31,142 species across 3,408 genera in 301 families, completed over 80 years of fieldwork and 45 years of writing by 312 authors and 164 illustrators; it received the National Natural Science Award First Prize in 2009. The English-language Flora of China has been developed jointly with the Missouri Botanical Garden since 1989. Around these two reference works the platform aggregates eleven specialized subsystems covering rare and endangered plants, economic plants, invasive species, naturalized plants, the plant encyclopedia, photo-based identification, the China Plant Image Bank, and the China Digital Botanical Garden.
AI Identification and Mobile Applications
Public access to the system relies heavily on the Hua Ban Lv family of AI applications. The Hua Ban Lv app was built jointly by the Institute of Botany and Lulang Software using deep learning trained on the China Plant Image Bank and recognizes around 3,000 genera and nearly 5,000 wild and cultivated Chinese plant species, returning family and genus assignments based on the latest molecular phylogenetic findings together with common names. Mobile tools include the iOS professional edition, an Android edition, and FlowerMate 2.0 for herbarium specimen identification. The platform also publishes the Zhizai Zhangwo mobile edition of the Chinese Flora, the iSpecimen herbarium companion for specimen identification and field collection logging, and the Xiaocao grass companion, complemented by an AI assistant on the website for seamless use from field photography and specimen collection to literature lookup.
Public Data and Decision Support
iPlant translates academic datasets into operational tools for conservation and management. The China Invasive Alien Species Information System classifies alien plant threats into four tiers: 38 species of malignant invasion, 50 of serious invasion, 69 of local invasion, and 61 of general invasion. The National Key Protected Wild Plants Big Data Platform lists 54 species and 4 categories under first-class national protection and 401 species and 36 categories under second-class protection. The China Naturalized Plant Information System divides records into 828 herbs, 70 vines, 101 shrubs, and 100 trees. The encyclopedia entries support county-level distribution heat maps, a plant name proofing system, and the Sp2000 taxonomic editor, while the Catalogue of China Plant Species 2025 Edition released on 21 May 2025 compiles 119,584 name records including 47,037 accepted names and 72,547 synonyms, providing a foundational reference for research, conservation, and management across the country.
International Cooperation and Open Access
iPlant operates as a non-commercial open-access platform where every literature, image, and species record is freely available through iplant.cn and more than ten mirror sites, making it a major conduit for Chinese plant diversity data to reach the global community. The Sino-American collaboration on Flora of China that began in 1989, the image exchange partnerships between the China Plant Image Bank and overseas institutions, and the renewed operation of the China Digital Botanical Garden from 2024 all expand the platform’s international reach. Run by the Institute of Botany of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the platform carries a national mandate for plant diversity conservation, sustainable plant resource use, and public science literacy, and stands as a national-level plant data gateway combining academic authority with public accessibility.
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