英国 国际动植物保护组织 Fauna ＆ Flora International – 英国百年动植物保护平台

机构沿革与百年传承

国际动植物保护组织 Fauna & Flora International 创立于 1903 年，由一群英国贵族、美国政界人士与多位殖民地博物学者在伦敦发起，原名「保护大英帝国野生动植物学会」（Society for the Preservation of the Wild Fauna of the Empire）。学会在 20 世纪初推动建立了全球最早的一批野生动物保护区和迁地繁育项目，其学术期刊 Oryx 自 1904 年起由剑桥大学出版社出版至今。学会曾用名先后为「Fauna Preservation Society」、「Fauna and Flora Preservation Society」（1981），并最终于 1995 年更名为现名 Fauna & Flora International。

全球网络与五大工作区域

组织总部位于英国剑桥的 David Attenborough 大楼，并在美国、澳大利亚设有姊妹机构，在新加坡设有子公司。其保护项目覆盖五大区域：非洲、亚太、中美洲、加勒比与欧亚大陆，在将近 50 个国家开展工作，与 400 多个本地机构、社区组织和原住民团体建立长期伙伴关系。组织首创「能力建设」（capacity building）概念，将保护主导权交到当地手中，该模式如今已成为国际保育领域通行做法。

旗舰物种与历史保育项目

组织自创立以来推动的多项保护项目已成为全球保育史上的标志性案例。1960 年代起与凤凰动物园合作开展的「羚羊行动」（Operation Oryx）成功将阿拉伯羚羊从野外灭绝边缘拉回，并在阿曼、约旦与沙特阿拉伯重新建立野生种群；1979 年应大卫·爱登堡邀请在卢旺达启动山地大猩猩项目（现为与世界自然基金会共同主持的 International Gorilla Conservation Programme）；2000 年在柬埔寨豆蔻山脉重新发现暹罗鳄野外种群；2004 年协助建立肯尼亚 Ol Pejeta 自然保护区，专门保护黑犀牛等大型濒危物种；在葡萄牙与 Liga para a Proteção da Natureza 合作推动伊比利亚猞猁的野外回归。

治理结构、领导层与皇家庇护

组织依据英国法律注册为公司担保制机构（company limited by guarantee），理事会（Council）为最高治理机构，负责法律、财务与管理事务。现任理事会主席为 Stephen Fitzgerald AO（于 2024 年 2 月就任），首席执行官 Kristian Teleki 于 2023 年 7 月接替任职 30 年的 Mark Rose 出任。组织长期保有皇家庇护传统：1928 年由当时的威尔士亲王爱德华（即后来的爱德华八世）首任 Patron；伊丽莎白二世女王连续担任 Patron 长达 68 年，2020 年 10 月由威廉王子（剑桥公爵）接任，现任 President 为荷兰的 Laurentien 公主。日常开支中约 93% 用于慈善保护活动，8% 用于筹款。

科学出版与公众参与

组织与其合作伙伴持续推动自然保护领域的科学研究与公众教育。旗舰学术期刊《Oryx: The International Journal of Conservation》由剑桥大学出版社发行，自 1904 年起累计发表保护科学论文逾百年。自 2008 年起与柬埔寨金边皇家大学合作出版《Cambodian Journal of Natural History》，成为该国第一本同行评审的自然科学期刊。面向公众，组织提供会员、捐赠、遗产捐赠、社区筹款、信托基金、企业合作、门店面对面筹款与应急募捐等多渠道支持方式，在英国本土及全球合作伙伴网络中共同推动野生动物栖息地恢复、海洋保护、以社区为基础的可持续生计以及以权利为本的保护行动。

Origins and a Century of Conservation

Fauna & Flora International (FFI) was founded in 1903 in London as the Society for the Preservation of the Wild Fauna of the Empire by a group of British aristocrats, American statesmen and colonial naturalists. The Society helped establish some of the world’s first game reserves and captive-breeding programmes during the early twentieth century, and its peer-reviewed scientific journal Oryx has been published by Cambridge University Press since 1904. The organisation was successively renamed the Fauna Preservation Society, the Fauna and Flora Preservation Society in 1981, and finally Fauna & Flora International in 1995.

A Global Network Across Five Regions

FFI’s headquarters sits in the David Attenborough Building in Cambridge, United Kingdom, with sister organisations in the United States and Australia and a subsidiary in Singapore. Conservation programmes span five priority regions – Africa, Asia-Pacific, Central America, the Caribbean and Eurasia – across almost fifty countries, where the organisation partners with more than four hundred local NGOs, community-based organisations, Indigenous People’s organisations, government bodies and social enterprises. FFI pioneered the capacity-building approach to conservation, placing decision-making in the hands of local communities, a model that has since become standard practice in the sector.

Flagship Species and Landmark Projects

Over more than a century, FFI has led or co-led several projects that have shaped modern conservation practice. Working with Phoenix Zoo from the 1960s onwards, Operation Oryx rescued the Arabian oryx from extinction and re-established wild populations in Oman, Jordan and Saudi Arabia. In 1979, at the request of Sir David Attenborough following the broadcast of Life on Earth, FFI launched the Mountain Gorilla Project in Rwanda, now run jointly with WWF as the International Gorilla Conservation Programme. In 2000, an FFI-led expedition to the Cardamom Mountains in Cambodia rediscovered the Siamese crocodile in the wild, and the organisation went on to establish a captive breeding and release programme at Phnom Tamao Wildlife Rescue Centre. In 2004, FFI helped convert a former colonial cattle ranch in Kenya into Ol Pejeta Conservancy, a sanctuary for the black rhinoceros and other rare megafauna, and has since worked with farmers to reduce human-elephant conflict across the landscape.

Governance, Leadership and Royal Patronage

FFI is constituted under English law as a company limited by guarantee and operates as a registered charity. The Council serves as its governing body with legal, financial and managerial responsibility for the organisation, while day-to-day operations are led by the senior leadership team under the Chief Executive Officer. Stephen Fitzgerald AO joined the Council as Chair in February 2024, and Kristian Teleki took office as Chief Executive in July 2023, succeeding Mark Rose, who led the organisation for thirty years. Royal patronage dates back to 1928, when Edward, Prince of Wales – later Edward VIII – became the group’s first Patron; Queen Elizabeth II served as Patron for sixty-eight years, a position delegated to Prince William, Duke of Cambridge in October 2020. The current President of FFI is Princess Laurentien of the Netherlands. Approximately 93% of FFI’s expenditure goes to charitable conservation activities, with the remaining 8% devoted to fundraising.

Scientific Publishing and Public Engagement

FFI contributes to the scientific literature on biodiversity conservation and supports public engagement worldwide. Its flagship journal, Oryx – The International Journal of Conservation, has been published by Cambridge University Press since 1904, and since 2008 FFI has also co-published the Cambodian Journal of Natural History with the Royal University of Phnom Penh – the first peer-reviewed natural-history journal in Cambodia. Supporters can engage with FFI through membership, donations, legacies, community fundraising, trusts and foundations, corporate partnerships, face-to-face fundraising in high-street locations, and time-limited urgent appeals. Together with its global partner network, FFI pursues wildlife habitat restoration, marine conservation, community-based sustainable livelihoods and rights-based approaches to protecting nature across the five priority regions.

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