植物园概况
Hortus Alkmaar 植物园（中文常译「阿尔克马尔药用植物园」）是荷兰北部北荷兰省 Alkmaar 镇附近的一座 2 公顷规模的有机药用植物专类园，以「自然与健康融为一体」为定位。园区专精于药用、食用与香草类植物的栽培与展示，藏有 700 多种药用植物，是荷兰乃至西欧地区最大的有据可查的药用草药收藏之一。植物园 1981 年从旧址迁到现在的位置后逐步扩建，并于 2011 年成立独立基金会进行日常管理。
历史与有机认证
植物园的最早雏形可以追溯到 1772 年的「Hortus Medicus」药用植物公司——当时在 Alkmaar 城内设址，最早研究本地草药作为天然药物原料。后来公司几度搬迁，最终在 1981 年迁到现址、正式以 Hortus Alkmaar 的名字运营。1981 年至今，植物园逐步扩展到 2 公顷的体量，并从 1997 年起获得荷兰农业部官方有机认证 Skal EKO 质量标志。植物园坚持「完全不使用化学物质」的栽培方式：所有植物不施合成农药、合成肥料或除草剂，靠生物多样性自身的平衡来控制病虫害——这种做法反过来又让整个园区成了野生动植物的避难所。
生物多样性
得益于不喷农药的环境，植物园目前共记录 1000 多种植物与 500 多种动物。从 2010 年至今的调查发现，园区内共有 1186 种本土植物与 521 种非本土栽培品种，加起来超过 1710 个植物种类，药用植物超 1000 种；动物方面，园内已记录 40 种蜜蜂、18 种蜻蜓、25 种蝴蝶与 217 种飞蛾。园方专门为翠鸟搭建了一间单向玻璃的观察小屋（IJsvogelhut），访客可以在不惊扰鸟类的情况下近距离看翠鸟捕鱼；还有直播翠鸟活动的网络摄像头。生态池塘与抬高的水岸设计吸引了青蛙、水生昆虫与多种水鸟，构成一个完整的「城市里的小型生物多样性热点」。
主题花园与特色植物
植物园按药用与食用用途分成多个主题区，每个区域展示不同主题的药用植物群落。特色收集包括北美森林百合（North American forest lily）、林仙 Drimys winteri 等温带至亚热带林下植物，以及 1000 多种可入药、调味或染色用的多年生与一年生草本。园区在温室内继续种植一些不耐 Alkmaar 户外冬寒的香草与药用植物，让全年都有可看的花朵与叶子。整体游览体验更接近「互动式药用植物课堂」而非传统植物园展示：每走几步就能看到一个有具体用途的品种，旁边通常配有该植物在传统医学或现代草药学里的用途说明。
访客体验、教育与开放
植物园面向学校与家庭客群提供丰富的自然教育课程，包括 Alkmaar 自然指南（学校自然活动、成人摄影课、动物朋友之路）、儿童寻宝（发放带放大镜、卷尺、鸟哨、瓢的探索背包）、土壤动物课、种子课等。所有课程都以园内植物与昆虫为教学素材，孩子边玩边学。园区另有温室咖啡 Kascafé 供应咖啡与自产苹果派，访客散步后可以在此歇脚；纪念品商店与生物种子网店（BIO-zaden Webshop）合起来提供 1500 多种 Skal 认证的有机种子与植物苗，可以直接邮购回家。除日常参观外，植物园还定期举办自然导览、专题课程、艺术与音乐活动、私人聚会与婚礼（Trouwen in de Hortus）等，并接受企业团建预约。开放时间按季节调整，建议上官网查看最新时段与票价。园区所在 Alkmaar 市 Berenkoog 区交通便利：从 Alkmaar 火车站乘短途公交可到，开车走 A9 高速也很容易找到，园区外有充足的停车空间。整体上，Hortus Alkmaar 是一座小而专的「药用 + 有机 + 教育型」植物园，适合对草药学、有机栽培与城市生物多样性感兴趣的访客。
About the Garden
Hortus Alkmaar is a 2-hectare organic medicinal plant garden near the city of Alkmaar in the province of North Holland in the north of the Netherlands. The garden is positioned as a “nature and health in one” destination, focused on medicinal, culinary and aromatic plants, and holds one of the largest documented medicinal plant collections in the Netherlands and Western Europe, with more than 700 medicinal species. The garden moved to its present site in 1981 and has been managed as an independent foundation since 2011.
History and Organic Certification
The garden’s roots go back to a 1772 municipal “Hortus Medicus” herbal medicine company, founded in Alkmaar to research and develop native medicinal plants. The operation moved locations over the years before settling on the current site in 1981 and adopting the Hortus Alkmaar name. It has been certified organic under the Dutch Ministry of Agriculture’s Skal EKO scheme since 1997. The garden is grown entirely without synthetic pesticides, synthetic fertilisers or herbicides, relying on biodiversity itself to keep pest pressure under control — a choice that has, in turn, turned the whole site into a small urban biodiversity hotspot.
Biodiversity
Surveys since 2010 have recorded more than 1,000 plant species and more than 500 animal species in the garden: 1,186 native species plus 521 non-native cultivars, giving at least 1,710 plant taxa in total, with more than 1,000 of those classified as medicinal. The animal side is no less rich — 40 bee species, 18 dragonfly species, 25 butterfly species and 217 moth species have been logged. A kingfisher observation hut (IJsvogelhut) with one-way glass lets visitors watch the resident kingfishers without disturbing them, and the hut has a live webcam for remote viewing. The pond edges and raised banks were designed to attract amphibians, aquatic invertebrates and water birds, so the site also functions as a small inner-city wildlife refuge.
Themed Gardens and Signature Plants
The garden is divided into themed beds organised by medicinal and culinary use, with a special collection of temperate and sub-temperate woodland plants such as North American forest lilies and Drimys winteri, alongside more than 1,000 perennial and annual herbs that can be used for medicine, cooking or natural dyeing. The heated greenhouse continues to grow the more tender herbs and medicinal plants that would not survive an Alkmaar winter outside, so there is always something to look at regardless of the season. A visit feels more like a hands-on medicinal plant classroom than a traditional botanical display: every few steps brings another useful species, with a short note on its traditional or modern herbal use.
Education, Visit and Public Access
The garden runs a strong school and family education programme, including the Alkmaar Nature Guide (school nature sessions, adult photography classes, an animal-friend trail), a children’s scavenger hunt (children get a backpack with magnifier, tape measure, bird whistle and bug scoop) and dedicated lessons on soil creatures and seeds. Lessons use the garden’s own plants and insects as teaching material, so children learn by doing. The on-site Kascafé in the greenhouse serves coffee and home-baked apple pie, and the shop plus the organic-seed webshop together stock more than 1,500 Skal-certified organic seeds and plants that visitors can take home or order online. Beyond regular visits, the garden runs nature walks, themed courses, art and music events, private parties and weddings (Trouwen in de Hortus), and also takes corporate bookings. Opening hours and admission prices change with the season, so checking the official site is recommended. The site is in the Berenkoog area on the edge of Alkmaar, easy to reach by short bus ride from Alkmaar station or by car via the A9 motorway, with plenty of parking on site. All in all, Hortus Alkmaar is a small, focused “medicinal + organic + educational” garden worth knowing about for anyone interested in herbalism, organic growing or urban biodiversity.
Official Site: https://www.hortusalkmaar.nl/
For more on Dutch medicinal and organic botanical gardens, see the Royal Horticultural Society international plant finder resources.
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