从汪山风景林到南山植物园
1954 年 2 月，重庆市五区（今南岸区）人民政府行文，把汪山、黄山界内的森林、单株树木和公有花园交给市建设局经营管理，市建设局当年设置汪山风景林管理站，这是这片山林最早的管理机构。1998 年由重庆市计委批准立项，1999 年在原南山公园的基础上改扩建，定名重庆南山植物园。园区在南岸区南山，与渝中半岛隔江相望，海拔 420 米至 680.5 米，东西宽 5000 米、南北长 3500 米，面积 551 公顷，森林面积 8700 亩；北连放牛坪，南望春天岭，西邻纳溪沟，纵横十余座山峰。林地紧挨着城区，重庆人习惯把这带叫作山城的氧吧。
十六个专类园与四季看点
园内的观赏植物按专类园布置，一共十六个。蔷薇园占地 176 亩，收集蔷薇科植物 6 万余株、180 余种，樱花、海棠、桃花、月季分区栽植，园内还有纪念音乐家施光南的音乐广场。梅园 70 亩，2002 年 1 月开园，汇集全国 80 余个梅花品种、1500 余株，园中毛泽东手迹“咏梅”诗碑高 3 米、宽 2 米，用花岗石烫金字刻成。兰园 30 亩，2001 年 2 月对外开放，种兰科植物 8000 余盆、百余个品种，朱德委员长二十世纪六十年代题送的墨兰、剑兰、大雪兰等 7 种名贵兰花也在其中。盆景园 30 余亩，2005 年开放，以“三大夫”盆景和“巴山渝水”山石景最出名。山茶园 105 亩，2004 年 2 月 28 日开园，川茶花是 1986 年确定的重庆市市花，园内古茶花 2000 余株，其中百年以上的有千余株，茶科植物 170 余个品种、2 万余株。中心景观园是中心园区的核心，2007 年 6 月建成，绿地 35000 平方米，水体和湿地 2500 平方米，施工时对 575 株大树逐株定位测量，就地保护 423 株，迁地保护 152 株，另外新种植物 110 多种。
展览温室与植物保育
展览温室是植物园的核心项目，2009 年 9 月底建成开放，总用地 32972 平方米，其中展览温室 7496 平方米。温室分四个区，热带雨林植物区 2126 平方米，四季花卉区 2002 平方米，多肉多浆区 1024 平方米，亚高山植物区 622 平方米，引种植物合计约 2500 种。研发中心管引种、保育和科研档案，《南山植物园保育植物目录》已经出版，园里培育的杜鹃花新品种获得国家植物新品种权授权，另有一项国家发明专利获得授权。标本馆收藏 300 余种不同时期的植物，以及 5000 余种植物标本和化石；植物图书馆有上万册植物科普书籍。博物馆、图书馆和标本馆都由园内的西班牙别墅、印度大使馆、法官大使馆等老建筑改建，游客免费参观。
科普活动与城市生物多样性
园里的科普工作从二十一世纪初就成体系。科普班车进区县把食虫植物和多肉植物展板送到石柱、万州等地的中小学校；全国科普日的重庆主展场，植物园办过以植物创新生活为主题的展览。植物园与南岸区教委联合办的“小小讲解员”，到 2026 年已是第十届，累计培养数百名小讲解员；2026 年这一届收到近 200 份报名，42 人通过面试参加培训，考核合格的孩子持证在温室展馆为游客讲解。园内设有城市生物多样性观测站，用红外相机做南山生态监测，并参加中国植物园联盟的公众科普计划和生态学会科普基地联盟的活动，2025 年获得重庆市生态环境科普联盟两项奖。
一棵树观景阁、荣誉与近年活动
一棵树景观在真武山王家山坡临江半山腰，占地 120 亩，海拔 437.5 米至 511.1 米。观景台由一主两副三个平台组成，面积 1200 余平方米，台上有 1987 年立的南山绿化造林纪念碑；观景阁 2002 年为迎接国际会议新建，共 6 层、高 28.8 米，建筑面积 1570 平方米，可以同时容纳 2000 人看夜景。植物园 2010 年 3 月加入国际植物园保护联盟，是国家 AAAA 级旅游景区；园内的劳模和工匠人才创新工作室，2017 年 11 月由中华全国总工会命名为全国示范性工作室。菊花艺术展是每年秋天的固定活动，到 2025 年已办到重庆市第二十七届，同期还有花境作品实作展和菊花摄影比赛。
From the Wangshan Forest Reserve to a Botanical Garden
In February 1954 the government of the fifth district of Chongqing, today Nan’an District, handed the forests, single trees and public gardens inside the Wangshan and Huangshan boundaries to the municipal construction bureau, which set up the Wangshan scenic forest management station the same year; that station was the first body to look after these hills. The garden in its present form was approved by the Chongqing planning commission in 1998 and rebuilt and enlarged in 1999 on the ground of the old Nanshan Park. It lies on Nanshan in Nan’an District, facing the Yuzhong peninsula across the river, between 420 and 680.5 metres above sea level, some 5,000 metres wide east to west and 3,500 metres long north to south, and covers 551 hectares with 8,700 mu of forest. The woodland runs right up against the built-up city, and local people have long called this stretch of hill the city’s oxygen bar.
Sixteen Specialised Collections
The ornamental plants are laid out in sixteen specialised collections. The rose garden covers 176 mu and holds more than 60,000 plants of some 180 species in the rose family, with cherry, crab-apple, peach and rose in separate beds, and a music square named after the composer Shi Guangnan. The plum garden runs to 70 mu and opened in January 2002; it gathers more than 80 plum varieties and some 1,500 trees, and its stone tablet carrying Mao Zedong’s poem on the plum, 3 metres high and 2 metres wide, is cut in gilded characters on granite. The orchid garden covers 30 mu and opened to visitors in February 2001, growing more than 8,000 pots of orchids in over a hundred varieties, among them seven famous kinds sent as gifts by Marshal Zhu De in the 1960s. The penjing garden, a little over 30 mu, opened in 2005 and is best known for its Three Elders tree and its Basha-Yushui rock scenery. The camellia garden of 105 mu opened on 28 February 2004; the Chuan camellia is Chongqing’s city flower, fixed in 1986, and the garden holds more than 2,000 old camellias, over a thousand of them a century old or more, with 170-odd camellia varieties in more than 20,000 plants. The central landscape garden, the core of the central section, was finished in June 2007 with 35,000 square metres of lawn and 2,500 square metres of water and wetland; during the work 575 large trees were individually surveyed and positioned, 423 were protected where they stood, 152 were moved, and more than 110 kinds of plants were added.
The Conservatory and Plant Conservation
The conservatory is the central project of the garden. It opened at the end of September 2009 on a site of 32,972 square metres, of which the glasshouse takes 7,496 square metres. It is divided into four zones: tropical rainforest, 2,126 square metres; flowers of the seasons, 2,002 square metres; succulents, 1,024 square metres; and subalpine plants, 622 square metres, with about 2,500 species introduced in all. The research centre handles introduction, conservation and the scientific records; a catalogue of the plants conserved in the garden has been published, a new azalea bred here has been granted national plant variety rights, and a national invention patent has been granted as well. The herbarium keeps more than 300 kinds of plants from different periods along with over 5,000 plant specimens and fossils, and the botanical library holds more than ten thousand popular books on plants. The museum, library and herbarium all occupy former Spanish villa, Indian embassy and judges’ embassy buildings inside the garden, and entry is free.
Science Education and Urban Biodiversity
Public education has been organised here since the early 2000s. A science bus carried displays of carnivorous and succulent plants to primary and secondary schools in Shizhu, Wanzhou and other districts, and the garden ran a plant-innovation exhibition at Chongqing’s main venue for National Science Popularisation Day. The young guide programme run with the Nan’an education commission reached its tenth year in 2026 and has trained several hundred children in all; the 2026 round drew nearly 200 applications, 42 children were interviewed and trained, and those who passed the assessment now guide visitors in the conservatory. The garden also runs an urban biodiversity monitoring station that uses camera traps to record wildlife on Nanshan, keeps in touch with universities, research institutes and other botanic gardens, and takes part in the public education programme of the Chinese Botanic Garden Alliance and in the work of a science-base alliance, winning two awards from the Chongqing ecological and environmental science alliance in 2025.
The Yikeshu Lookout, Honours and Recent Events
The Yikeshu site lies halfway up the river-facing slope of Wangjia Shan on Zhenwu Shan and covers 120 mu, between 437.5 and 511.1 metres above sea level. Its viewing terrace is made up of one main platform and two smaller ones, more than 1,200 square metres in all, with a monument put up in 1987 to mark the planting of the Nanshan forest. The viewing pavilion was built in 2002 for an international conference; it has six storeys, stands 28.8 metres high, covers 1,570 square metres and can hold 2,000 people looking out over the city lights at night. The garden joined Botanic Gardens Conservation International in March 2010 and is a national AAAA tourist area. Its model workers’ and craftsmen’s innovation studio was named a national demonstration studio by the All-China Federation of Trade Unions in November 2017. The chrysanthemum show is a fixture of the autumn calendar and reached its twenty-seventh Chongqing edition in 2025, alongside a garden-design competition and a photography contest.
发表回复