园区概况
国家植物园位于北京西山香山卧佛寺路，于2022年正式挂牌成立，是在原中国科学院植物研究所和北京市植物园基础上扩容整合而成。园区总面积近600公顷，由南园和北园两部分组成，是集植物资源收集展示、科研科普和游览休憩于一体的综合性植物园，共收集展示植物1.75万余种，包括国家一级保护植物近40种。
南园：科研与展示并重
南园是我国历史最悠久的植物科学综合研究机构，前身可追溯至1928年成立的北平研究院植物学研究所。在近百年的发展历程中，先后有18位科学家当选中科院院士，主持完成的成果荣获国家自然科学一等奖3项。南园建有裸子植物区、牡丹园、丁香园、月季园、橡树园、水生与藤本植物区、本草园等15个特色专类园，拥有展览温室、康熙御碑等人文景观和菩提树等国礼植物，以及亚洲最大的植物标本馆和中国古植物馆。
北园：湖光山色中的园林之美
北园具有湖光山色、古树参天的优美景观，建有桃花园、月季园、海棠园、牡丹园、梅园、丁香园、盆景园等14个专类园和中国北方最大的珍稀植物水杉保育区。其中月季园是中国目前规模最大的月季专类园，栽培了近千个月季品种；桃花园是世界上收集观赏桃花品种最多的专类园，涵盖60余个品种。每年春季举办的北京桃花节吸引数百万游人前来观赏。
亚洲最大展览温室
北园展览温室建筑面积9800平方米，于2000年建成开放，被评为北京20世纪90年代十大建筑之一。温室分为热带雨林室、沙漠植物室、兰花凤梨食虫植物室和四季花厅四个展区，展示来自世界各地的热带亚热带植物3100余种逾6万株。其中千年古莲、王莲等珍稀水生植物尤为引人注目。
历史文化遗迹
园区内保存着众多珍贵的历史文化遗迹。始建于唐代的卧佛寺是全国重点文物保护单位，寺内元代铜铸释迦牟尼卧像身长5.3米、重54吨，是世界罕见的古代铸造艺术品。曹雪芹纪念馆记录着这位文学巨匠在西山著书《红楼梦》的岁月，黄叶村内石碾古井再现了清代旗人生活场景。樱桃沟林木茂密，被誉为”活化石”的水杉蔚然成林，还是”一二·九”爱国运动的纪念地。梁启超墓由其子梁思成设计，坐落于古柏环绕的园林之中。
Overview
The China National Botanical Garden is located on the western slopes of the Western Hills in Haidian District, Beijing. Established on April 18, 2022, through the expansion and integration of the Institute of Botany of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Beijing Botanical Garden, the garden covers a total area of nearly 600 hectares and comprises the South Garden and North Garden. As a comprehensive botanical garden integrating plant resource collection, display, conservation, scientific research, education and tourism, it houses over 17,500 plant species (including varieties), including nearly 40 national first-level protected plants.
South Garden: Research and Display Combined
The South Garden is China’s oldest comprehensive botanical research institution, with its origins tracing back to the Institute of Botany of the Beiping Research Academy established in 1928. Over nearly a century of development, 18 scientists from this institution have been elected as academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and their research achievements have won three first prizes of the National Natural Science Award of China. The South Garden features 15 specialized gardens including the Gymnosperm Garden, Tree Peony Garden, Lilac Garden, Rose Garden, Oak Garden, Aquatic and Vine Plants Area, and Medicinal Herb Garden. It also houses the Greenhouse, the Kangxi Imperial Stele, and national gift plants such as the Bodhi Tree, along with Asia’s largest herbarium and the Paleobotany Pavilion.
North Garden: Landscape Beauty Among Lakes and Mountains
The North Garden boasts picturesque landscapes with lakes, mountains and ancient trees. It features 14 specialized gardens including the Peach Blossom Garden, Rose Garden, Crabapple Garden, Tree Peony Garden, Plum Garden, Lilac Garden, and Bonsai Garden, as well as the largest Metasequoia conservation area in northern China. The Rose Garden is China’s largest rose-specific garden, cultivating nearly 1,000 rose varieties. The Peach Blossom Garden holds the world’s largest collection of ornamental peach varieties, encompassing over 60 cultivars. The annual Beijing Peach Blossom Festival held in spring attracts millions of visitors.
Asia’s Largest Exhibition Greenhouse
The North Garden’s Exhibition Greenhouse covers an area of 9,800 square meters and opened in 2000. It has been recognized as one of Beijing’s top ten architectural landmarks of the 1990s. The greenhouse is divided into four exhibition areas: the Tropical Rainforest Pavilion, Desert Plant Pavilion, Orchid and Bromeliad and Carnivorous Plant Pavilion, and the Four-Season Floral Hall. It displays over 3,100 species and more than 60,000 specimens of tropical and subtropical plants from around the world. Notable attractions include the ancient lotus, believed to be over a thousand years old, and the Victoria amazonica water lilies.
Historical and Cultural Heritage
The garden preserves numerous valuable historical and cultural sites. The Temple of the Sleeping Buddha (Ten Thousand Buddhas Monastery), originally built during the Tang Dynasty, is a national key cultural relic protection unit. Its Yuan Dynasty bronze reclining Buddha statue is 5.3 meters long and weighs 54 tons, representing a rare masterpiece of ancient Chinese bronze casting art. The Cao Xueqin Memorial Hall commemorates the literary giant who wrote “Dream of the Red Chamber” in this area. The Yellow Leaf Village recreates the lifestyle of Qing Dynasty banner people with its stone mills, ancient wells and traditional cottages. Yingtaogou Valley, with its lush forests, is home to thriving Metasequoia forests—living fossils dating back to prehistoric times—and also serves as a memorial site for the December 9th Patriotic Movement. The tomb of Liang Qichao, designed by his son Liang Sicheng, sits nestled among ancient cypress trees.
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