历史沿革
波恩大学植物园（Botanische Gärten der Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn）是德国历史最悠久的植物园之一。园区最早可追溯至14世纪中叶（约1340年），最初为科隆大主教的城堡花园，历经文艺复兴与巴洛克风格的改造，1746年波普尔斯多夫城堡落成奠定了今日园区格局。1818年波恩大学创立后，首任园长克里斯蒂安·戈特弗里德·丹尼尔·尼斯·冯·埃森贝克（1776—1858）将园区转型为科研型植物园，1900年前后规模在德国仅次于柏林植物园。二战期间植物园遭受彻底毁坏，战后重建持续进行，1979年至1984年间两座大型温室落成，重建正式完成。
园区规模与植物收藏
如今园区开放区域占地约6.5公顷，另有约3公顷不对外开放区域，共栽培保存约8,000种植物，涵盖从濒危地方物种到世界珍稀植物。室外园区按主题分为树木园（约700种木本植物，包括活化石银杏、南洋杉等）、系统分类区（约1,200种按进化关系排列）、地理区（按植物地理来源分组）及生态保护区（呈现波恩地区最重要的濒危植物群落）。
温室建筑与展览馆
温室群面积约5,000平方米，主体温室建于1984年。馆内分设蕨类馆（高山云林植物）、地中海馆（地中海、南非、加州及澳大利亚亚热带植物）、棕榈馆（热带雨林植物含香蕉和竹类）、多肉馆（美洲仙人掌、龙舌兰、非洲芦荟及麒麟，含Welwitschia）、维多利亚馆（王莲、热带睡莲、巨魔芋Amorphophallus titanum）及食虫植物馆、球茎馆、两座兰科植物馆等。
科普教育与机构
波恩大学植物园现任院长为威廉·巴特洛特教授，每年吸引超过15万名游客，是波恩大学最具影响力的科普窗口。绿校项目为各年龄段访客提供导览、学校合作、幼儿园自然教育、家庭工作坊和假期活动等丰富体验。植物园之友协会拥有超过1,000名会员支持园区运营，并设有在线植物数据库供访客查询植物分布信息。作为德国最重要的植物迁地保护机构之一，园区在本土物种保护与国际植物多样性研究中持续发挥关键作用。
网址：https://www.botgart.uni-bonn.de/
History
The Botanische Gärten der Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn ranks among the oldest botanical gardens in Germany, with origins dating back to approximately 1340 as castle grounds for the Archbishop of Cologne. The site evolved through Renaissance and Baroque transformations, with Poppelsdorf Palace completed in 1746. When the University of Bonn was founded in 1818, its first director Dr. Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck (1776–1858) redirected the garden toward scientific botany, and by 1900 it ranked second only to Berlin’s among German botanical gardens. WWII brought complete destruction, followed by post-war reconstruction completed in 1979–1984 with two major conservatories.
Scale and Plant Collections
Today the garden maintains approximately 8,000 plant species across 6.5 hectares of public space and 3 hectares restricted areas, ranging from endangered Rhineland species to internationally protected plants such as Sophora toromiro from Easter Island. Outdoor collections include an arboretum with about 700 woody species (including ancient Ginkgo biloba and Araucaria araucana specimens), a systematic section of roughly 1,200 species arranged by evolutionary relationships, a geographical section grouped by plant origin, and a biotope section showcasing the region’s most endangered plant communities.
Greenhouses and Specialized Houses
The greenhouse complex spans approximately 5,000 square meters, centered on a major conservatory completed in 1984. Specialized houses include: a fern house with cloud forest plants; a Mediterranean house for subtropical plants from the Mediterranean, South Africa, California, and Australia; a palm house featuring tropical rainforest plants including bananas and bamboos; a succulent house displaying New World cacti and agaves alongside Old World aloes and euphorbias including Welwitschia mirabilis; a Victoria house with giant water lilies (Victoria regia), tropical water lilies, Aristolochia, Passiflora, and a notable Amorphophallus titanum specimen; plus dedicated houses for carnivorous plants, geophytes, and two orchid collections.
Education and Institution
Professor Wilhelm Barthlott serves as current director. With over 150,000 annual visitors, the gardens represent the University of Bonn’s most prominent public-facing institution. The Green School provides programming for all ages through guided tours, school partnerships, kindergarten nature education, family workshops, and holiday activities. The Association of Friends (over 1,000 members) actively supports daily operations, while an online plant database aids visitor consultation. As one of Germany’s most significant ex situ plant conservation institutions, the Bonn Botanical Gardens continues its vital role in local species preservation and international plant diversity research.
Website: https://www.botgart.uni-bonn.de/
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