英国 米拉莱斯苗圃 Millais Nurseries – 世界上杜鹃与高山杜鹃品种最为齐全的零售苗圃

苗圃沿革与家族传承

英国米拉莱斯苗圃（Millais Nurseries）位于英格兰萨里郡（Surrey）法纳姆（Farnham）以南的丘尔特（Churt）村，坐落在 Crosswater Farm，邮编 GU10 2JN，紧邻一千英亩国民托管组织（National Trust）石南荒原。米拉莱斯家族自 1947 年起就在这片土地从事种植，至今已有七十余年历史，是英国少数长期专注于杜鹃花科（Rhododendron 属）选育与生产的家族苗圃。

经营范围与种植规模

苗圃每年通过扦插、嫁接、播种与组培（micropropagation）四种方式繁殖约 35,000 株杜鹃幼苗，是英国乃至世界上杜鹃与高山杜鹃品种最为齐全的零售苗圃之一，客户覆盖英国本土与苏格兰、威尔士的私人园艺爱好者、大型庄园、植物园、树木园与专业园艺中心，自英国脱欧后不再直接对欧洲发货。除主力杜鹃外，苗圃还成系列销售山茶（Camellia）、玉兰（Magnolia）、枫树（Japanese Acer）、山茱萸（Cornus）、绣球（Hydrangea）、北美山月桂（Kalmia）与蕨类等酸性土伴生植物，可一次配齐整片酸性林缘花园所需。

切尔西花展与英王供货认证

苗圃连续五次获得皇家园艺学会（RHS）切尔西花展（Chelsea Flower Show）金奖，是该展会上唯一以杜鹃专业户身份参展的苗圃，2016 年的参展作品以高山杜鹃杂交种为主景，被评为当年杜鹃主题展览中最受摄影师关注的展台之一，并受邀参加了英国皇家园艺学会为纪念杜鹃花协会成立一百周年举办的特展。

种植环境与可持续实践

苗圃位于英格兰南部传统的杜鹃适宜酸土带，自有泉水供应，经慢沙过滤与生物滤池处理后用于灌溉，显著降低对加氯自来水的依赖。杜鹃原生于 pH 4.5-6.0 的酸性低养分土壤，传统上需要泥炭作为栽培介质；苗圃目前把生产阶段的泥炭用量减少了 75% 以上，幼苗移入大盆后即转为完全无泥炭基质，是英国杜鹃行业里较早系统性试验无泥炭配方的苗圃之一。化学药剂使用大幅压缩，主要依赖苗圃自制堆肥茶、海藻提取物、柠檬籽油、大蒜屏障剂与线虫等生物与有机手段防治象鼻虫等害虫；除 INKARHO 耐钙土杜鹃授权在德国生产外，其余苗木全部在英国本土、苗圃自有土地上培育。

访问方式、网店与私属林地花园

植物中心（Plant Centre）周二至周五 9:30-16:30 对外开放，周末闭店；办公时间周一至周五 9:00-16:30；销售与栽培咨询电话 01252 792698。苗圃距离伦敦约一小时车程，距 RHS Wisley 花园约三十分钟（M25 路口 10）。除自驾外，也可经 M25-A3 → Hindhead 隧道方向到达，从伦敦方向出发建议避开法纳姆镇中心走 A287 经 Churt 村。多数杜鹃原种与稀有杂交品种在网店上架即售罄，订单无最小起订量，可通过邮寄苗木、苗圃自取或英国本土配送（£8.95 起）三种方式取货。Crosswater Farm 内有一片米拉莱斯家族私人林地花园（Woodland Garden），每年春季杜鹃花期通过英国国家花园计划（National Garden Scheme）对外慈善开放，具体日期需到 NGS 网站查询。

Origins and Family Stewardship

Millais Nurseries is based at Crosswater Farm in Churt, south of Farnham, Surrey (GU10 2JN), surrounded by 1,000 acres of National Trust heathland. The Millais family has worked this ground since 1947, making it one of the longest-running specialist rhododendron growers in the United Kingdom.

Propagation and Product Range

The nursery propagates around 35,000 rhododendrons each year by cuttings, grafts, seed and micropropagation, supplying keen gardeners, large estates, botanic gardens, arboreta and specialist garden centres across England, Scotland and Wales; no order is too small or too large, and rare species sell out quickly once listed online. Beyond rhododendrons and azaleas, the catalogue carries camellias, magnolias, Japanese acers, cornus, hydrangeas, kalmias, ferns and other acid-loving companions, allowing a complete ericaceous border to be sourced from one nursery.

Chelsea Gold Medals and Royal Warrant

Millais Nurseries has earned five consecutive Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) Gold Medals at the Chelsea Flower Show and remains the only nursery exhibiting purely as a rhododendron specialist. The 2016 display formed part of the centenary exhibition mounted to mark one hundred years of the Rhododendron Society. The nursery holds a Royal Warrant of Appointment and trades under the style ‘Supplier of Rhododendrons and Magnolias to His Majesty King Charles III’.

Growing Environment and Sustainable Practice

The site lies in the classic lowland acid-soil belt of southern England and draws on its own spring-fed water supply with slow-sand filtration and bio-beds, avoiding chlorinated mains water for irrigation. The nursery has cut peat use in its propagation mixes by more than 75% and grows plants completely peat-free once they leave the propagation stage, making it one of the earlier UK rhododendron specialists to trial peat-free media at commercial scale. Chemical spraying has been reduced sharply in favour of compost teas brewed on site, seaweed, beneficial microbes and fungi, nematodes and botanical barriers.

Visits, Online Orders and the Woodland Garden

The Plant Centre is open Tuesday to Friday 9.30 am–4.30 pm (closed weekends); office hours run Monday to Friday 9.00 am–4.30 pm. Sales and advice line: 01252 792698. The nursery lies about an hour from central London and roughly thirty minutes from RHS Wisley (M25 junction 10). Visitors from London are advised to use the A3 and Hindhead tunnel rather than driving through the centre of Farnham. Most rare species and choice hybrids sell out as soon as they appear online; there is no minimum order size. The Millais family’s private Woodland Garden at Crosswater Farm opens for charity during the spring flowering season through the National Garden Scheme (NGS).

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