机构概况：法国最早的高山研究花园之一
约瑟夫·傅里叶高山植物站（Station alpine Joseph Fourier，简称 SAJF）是法国格勒诺布尔阿尔卑斯大学（Université Grenoble Alpes）与法国国家科研中心（CNRS）共管的混合研究单元，依托 1899 年由植物学教授 Jean-Paul Lachmann 创立的 Lautaret 高山植物园与格勒诺布尔校园两部分组成，长期承担高山植物多样性、进化与全球变化领域的科研、教学与公众科普职能，是欧洲最古老的高山植物园之一，也是欧洲高山与极地植物园网络的核心成员。
园址与植物：2 100 米 Lautaret 山口的 2 000 种高山植物
花园位于海拔 2 100 米的 Lautaret 山口，地处上阿尔卑斯省 Villar-d’Arêne 镇，行政上属普罗旺斯-阿尔卑斯-蓝色海岸大区，处于北阿尔卑斯与南阿尔卑斯、内阿尔卑斯与外阿尔卑斯的过渡带，叠加冰川地貌与多样化岩性，自 18 世纪 Dominique Villars 起即被植物学家视为高山植物多样性热点；现有活体植物约 2 000 种，涵盖五大洲高山与两极地区植物，配以草本植物、灌木、岩生群落、苔藓沼泽和 14 000 年历史的钙华沼泽（tufière）等生境单元，按地理来源、生活环境、植物分类与药用/食用属性分区展示，种子库另存约 1 800 种，与约 300 家国际植物园保持种子互换。
科研平台：LTSER Lautaret-Oisans 与 GR 标本馆
科研侧以 LTSER 平台 Lautaret-Oisans 为核心，下辖 Galerie de l’Alpe（2016 年落成）、1989 年的 Chalet-Laboratoire 高山实验小屋以及 Grenoble 校区的办公、温室、种子库与 1869 年建馆的 GR 标本馆（馆藏约 15 000 份，自 2005 年起由本站管理），与格勒诺布尔 OSUG 观测台、Laboratoire d’écologie alpine、eLTER 欧洲长期生态研究网络、AnaEE-France 等机构合作开展高山生态系统对气候、土地利用与冰川变化响应的长期监测，配套 6 套气象/积雪/径流自动站及 PhyloAlps 项目，承担 PhyloAlps 标准化样品库与高山谱系基因组研究。
标签与开放：Jardin remarquable + 季节性公众开放
站点持有法国文化部 2005 年授予并于 2015 年续评的「Jardin remarquable」（杰出花园）标签、Jardins botaniques de France et des pays francophones（JBF）成员资格、Conservatoire des collections végétales spécialisées（CCVS）高山植物专类保育资格、Esprit parc national 国家公园品牌与 1934 年即获评的「自然与艺术名胜」（site classé）保护身份；2024 年获 Fondation Signature 与文化部联合颁发的「Prix de l’art du jardin」奖；近 20 年年均访客约 1.8–2.0 万人次，每年 6 月第一个周末至 9 月第一个周末的 10:00–18:00 对公众开放，每日 10:30、14:30、16:00 提供免费讲解导览，并设有青少年科普工作坊与科普展览。
分区花园与岩石园：按地理与生境组织的 60 余处主题花圃
全园共设有约 60 余处主题岩石园与花圃，按山脉地理来源（阿尔卑斯、安第斯、阿特拉斯、巴尔干、高加索、喜马拉雅、日本、比利牛斯、内华达、西伯利亚等世界山脉）与原生生态环境（高山带与亚高山带碎石坡、岩生群落、钙华沼泽、亚高山草甸、阴坡/阳坡生境、植物与人类利用等主题）两条线索组织展示；其中岩石园以高矿质土栽培适应高山带极端条件的低矮物种，花圃突出亚高山带对土层与根系空间需求更高的物种；园内还设有钙华石墙专门用于栽培喜钙或喜硅酸盐的岩生植物，三条高位栽培床用于需强排水与冬季保护的高难度物种，另设专门的实验区用于半受控条件研究，与高山带 14 000 年历史的天生钙华沼泽（tufière）共同构成从自然生境到栽培生境的完整谱系。
活体植物收藏：2 000 种高山与亚高山植物的来源与种子交换
活体植物收藏覆盖约 2 000 种高山与亚高山物种，种子库另存约 1 800 种，图像库 100 000 余张涵盖阿尔卑斯本土、地中海、圭亚那、委内瑞拉/厄瓜多尔/东非/喀麦隆的热带高山、智利安第斯与巴塔哥尼亚/火地岛、澳大利亚（含塔斯马尼亚）以及新西兰南岛的高山植物；每年对外寄送约 1 500 份种子、接收约 100 份，与约 50 个国家的约 300 家植物园保持机构间种子交换；新到种子先在 Grenoble 校区萌芽，再移至 Lautaret 在高紫外线与低温下适应一年方入园定植，约 1/5 至 1/3 最终成活，园中最年长的活体是一株逾百年的百里香叶柳（saule à feuilles de serpolet）。
研究主题与长期观测：气候变化、生态进化与山地社会的三大方向
科研围绕三大主题展开：气候与生态系统功能、生物适应与进化生态、山地社会动态；与 Laboratoire d’écologie alpine（Leca）等 OSUG 联邦实验室合作运行的「Alpages volants」高山草甸 +3 °C 增温实验是长期样地典型代表；观测网络包括自 2007 年起在园内运行的气象站、Lautaret-Galibier 300 km² 范围内的 5 套辅助气象/积雪/辐射自动站，以及 2019-2020 年间部署于 Guisane 流域及支流的 3 套水温/水位/电导/浊度连续监测站；站方每年提供 46 张床位的研究者自助住宿与 24 席的 AnaEE 资助博士培训（2026 年涵盖水生生态毒理学、山地生物多样性与人地耦合、群落功能与放牧利用等主题），与 eLTER、AnaEE-France、ICOS、Zone Atelier Alpes 等欧洲长期生态研究基础设施保持常态数据交换。
Profile: One of France’s Oldest Alpine Research Gardens
The Joseph Fourier Alpine Station (Station alpine Joseph Fourier, SAJF) is a mixed research unit co-run by the Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA) and the Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS). It is anchored by the Jardin alpin du Lautaret founded in 1899 by botanist Jean-Paul Lachmann and a Grenoble-campus hub of offices, greenhouses, seed bank and the GR herbarium. The station handles high-altitude botany, evolution and global-change research, graduate training and public outreach, and is one of Europe’s oldest alpine botanical gardens and a core member of the European mountain and arctic garden network.
Site and Plants: 2 000 Alpine Taxa on the Col du Lautaret at 2 100 m
The garden sits at 2 100 m elevation on the Col du Lautaret in the commune of Villar-d’Arêne, Hautes-Alpes, at the transition between the Northern and Southern Alps and between external humid and internal dry massifs. The site combines calcareous and crystalline substrates, glacier-shaped relief and an east-west orientation that creates contrasted adret and ubac slopes, which is why botanists from Dominique Villars onward counted roughly 1 500 species on the col. The living collection now holds about 2 000 alpine and subalpine taxa from the mountains of five continents and the polar regions, arranged by origin, habitat, family and medicinal or food use. A parallel seed bank keeps about 1 800 taxa and exchanges seeds with around 300 partner botanical institutions.
Research Platform: LTSER Lautaret-Oisans and the GR Herbarium
The scientific wing is built around the LTSER platform Lautaret-Oisans, the Galerie de l’Alpe opened in 2016, the 1989 Chalet-Laboratoire research chalet and the GR herbarium (founded 1869, managed by SAJF since 2005, around 15 000 specimens). Working with the OSUG observatory, the Laboratoire d’écologie alpine, the European eLTER network and AnaEE-France, the station runs long-term monitoring on climate, snow cover, hydrology, glacier evolution and alpine ecosystem response, supported by six automatic weather, snow and stream stations and the PhyloAlps reference collection for high-altitude phylogenomic work.
Labels and Opening: Jardin remarquable plus Seasonal Public Access
The site carries the French Ministry of Culture “Jardin remarquable” label granted in 2005 and renewed in 2015, membership of Jardins botaniques de France et des pays francophones (JBF), the Conservatoire des collections végétales spécialisées (CCVS) certification for specialised alpine collections, the Esprit parc national mark, and a 1934 site classé listing as a natural and artistic landmark. In 2024 the garden received the Prix de l’art du jardin from Fondation Signature and the Ministry of Culture. Visitor numbers range between 18 000 and 20 000 a year, the garden is open every day 10:00–18:00 from the first weekend of June to the first weekend of September, and free guided tours run at 10:30, 14:30 and 16:00 alongside school workshops and a discovery-and-science exhibition.
Garden Zones and Rock Beds: 60-Plus Themed Beds by Origin and Habitat
The garden holds around sixty themed rock gardens and beds organised along two axes: by mountain range of origin (the Alps, Andes, Atlas, Balkans, Caucasus, Himalaya, Japan, Pyrenees, Sierra Nevada, Siberia and other world ranges) and by native habitat (high-altitude screes for the alpine belt, deeper-rooted beds for the subalpine belt, tufa walls for lime- or silica-loving rock plants, three raised benches for demanding high-drainage species, a dedicated experimental plot for semi-controlled research, and the 14 000-year-old natural tufa marsh that closes the spectrum from natural to cultivated habitat).
Living Plant Collection: Sources and Seed Exchange for 2 000 Alpine Taxa
The living collection covers about 2 000 alpine and subalpine taxa, complemented by a seed bank of roughly 1 800 species and an image library of more than 100 000 photographs spanning the indigenous flora of the Lautaret and the Alps, the Mediterranean, French Guiana, tropical alpine ranges of Venezuela, Ecuador, East Africa and Cameroon, the Chilean Andes and Patagonia/Tierra del Fuego, the Australian mountains including Tasmania, and the mountains of New Zealand’s South Island. Each year the garden sends out around 1 500 seed packets and receives about 100, keeping institutional seed exchange with some 300 botanical institutions in roughly 50 countries. New seeds are germinated at the Grenoble campus, moved to the Lautaret for one year of acclimation under stronger UV and lower temperatures, and only then planted out; about one fifth to one third reach the final beds. The oldest living plant in the garden is a serpolet-leaf willow (saule à feuilles de serpolet) more than a century old.
Research Themes and Long-Term Monitoring: Climate, Evolutionary Ecology and Mountain Societies
The scientific programme is built around three priorities: climate and ecosystem functioning, biology of adaptation and evolutionary ecology, and dynamics of mountain societies. The flagship long-term experiment is the “Alpages volants” +3 °C warming trial run with the Laboratoire d’écologie alpine (Leca) and partner OSUG laboratories. The monitoring network includes a meteorological station inside the garden operating since 2007, five additional weather, snow and radiation stations across the 300 km² Lautaret-Galibier zone, and three stream-side stations deployed on the Guisane and its tributaries between 2019 and 2020 that record water height, discharge, temperature, conductivity and turbidity in continuous mode. Each year the station offers 46 self-catering research beds, an AnaEE-funded 24-place doctoral school (the 2026 cycle covers aquatic ecotoxicology, mountain biodiversity and human-environment coupling, and the functioning and uses of alpine plant communities) and continuous data exchange with eLTER, AnaEE-France, ICOS and the Zone Atelier Alpes.
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