加拿大 安大略树木 Ontario Trees & Shrubs – 安大略木本植物图鉴

沃尔特·沃玛个人维护的木本植物图鉴

Ontario Trees and Shrubs 由加拿大安大略省的个人志愿者 Walter Muma 长期维护，自 2004 年起持续收录北美东部尤其是安大略省范围内的树木与灌木，配以原产地照片与简短说明文字。Muma 同时维护 Ontario Wildflowers、Ontario Ferns、Ontario Grasses、Ontario Mosses、Ontario Insects 等十七个站点，构成以安大略本土物种为核心的个人科普矩阵。所有照片除特别注明外均由 Muma 本人拍摄，站点内容版权归 Walter Muma，使用前需先获得许可。

一百五十八种已上线与三百一十二种目标

主页 2014 年 11 月 18 日的 What’s New 板块显示，站点已上线 158 种树木与灌木，仍有 154 种待收录，目标规模约 312 种。站点 2014 年 2 月 8 日完成界面改版，仍保留原本的查询结构。命名规范统一更新到 VASCAN——加拿大植物权威数据库，学名变更即同步调整。What’s New 板块逐条记录新上线与改名物种，例如 Common Elderberry、Red-berried Elderberry、Shrubby St Johnswort、Virginia Creeper、White Mountain Avens、Leatherleaf、Poison Ivy 等。

十七个检索维度与三段分类

站点提供十七个常用检索入口：英文俗名、拉丁学名、法文俗名、名称搜索、属、科、群、生长型、收录书、花色、花瓣数、叶形、生境、花期、外来或本土、可食性、有毒、识别。其中花色、花瓣数、叶形、生境、花期五个维度把检索门槛压到中学生水平；可食性与有毒两个反向索引让 Wildwood 系列用户也能直接查到。生长型则把物种分为乔木、灌木、小灌木、藤本四类。外来物种与本土物种有独立列表。检索结果直接给出照片、学名、英文俗名与简要说明。

入门书单与冬季识别专题

站点 Booklist 板块把书分成三层。必备层三本：John Laird Farrar 的 Trees in Canada、James H. Soper 与 Margaret L. Heimburger 的 Shrubs of Ontario（皇家安大略博物馆出版）、Peterson Field Guide 系列的 Trees And Shrubs。入门层推荐 The Tree Identification Book、The Shrub Identification Book、Lone Pine 的 Trees of Ontario。进阶参考包括 William Trelease 的 Winter Botany 与 Charles Sprague Sargent 两卷本 Manual of the Trees of North America——Sargent 收录 185 属 717 种，是北美树木最完整的旧式手册。Identification 板块另有 Winter Tree and Shrub ID Notes 与 Pine Trees 简明指南，供追踪俱乐部与野外爱好者使用。

网络链接群与姊妹站点

主页底部列出十六个网络站点：Ontario Wildflowers、Ontario Ferns、Ontario Grasses、Grey-Bruce Wildflowers、World of Mosses、Ontario Insects、James Bay Road、Rupert River、Trans-Labrador Hwy、Moped Trip、Wildwood Survival、Wildwood Tracking、Stone Age Skills、Tracking Quiz、Tracker Trail、Wildwood Canada、Mumart、Wild Ontario、Earth Caretaker、Wildwood Trackers、Ontario Trackers、Orangeville Trackers。所有站点共享同一种老式排版与命名规范，由 Walter Muma 一人维护。这一网络既是物种识别资源的延伸，也是一组围绕安大略自然历史的小型门户。

A Volunteer Field Guide to Ontario’s Trees and Shrubs

Ontario Trees and Shrubs is maintained by Walter Muma, a long-time volunteer based in Ontario, Canada. The site has documented trees and shrubs of eastern North America since 2004, with Muma’s own photographs and short notes. He also keeps sixteen companion sites covering wildflowers, ferns, grasses, mosses, insects, wildwood survival, and several travel and tracking journals. Photographs on the site are taken by Muma unless otherwise credited, and all material is copyrighted by Walter Muma.

One Hundred Fifty-Eight Online and Three Hundred Twelve Planned

The What’s New panel of 18 November 2014 reported 158 species online with 154 still to come, pointing toward a total of roughly 312 species. A site redesign on 8 February 2014 refreshed the layout without changing the query structure. Names are aligned to the VASCAN database, the Canadian authority for plant names. The panel records each new entry or rename, including Common Elderberry, Red-berried Elderberry, Shrubby St Johnswort, Virginia Creeper, White Mountain Avens, Leatherleaf, and Poison Ivy.

Seventeen Search Paths and Three Groupings

The site offers seventeen search paths: common name, Latin name, French name, name search, genus, family, group, type, listed by book, flower colour, flower petals, leaves, habitat, flower season, alien or native, edible, and poisonous. Flower colour, petals, leaves, habitat, and season keep the queries accessible to beginners. Edible and poisonous indexes double as field guides for the Wildwood series. Type divides the species into trees, shrubs, sub-shrubs, and vines, with separate lists for alien and native species. Each result returns the photograph, scientific name, common name, and a short note.

A Booklist and a Winter ID Notebook

The Booklist panel is split into three layers. The must-have three are John Laird Farrar’s Trees in Canada, James H. Soper and Margaret L. Heimburger’s Shrubs of Ontario published by the Royal Ontario Museum, and the Peterson Field Guide series’ Trees And Shrubs. The beginner layer recommends The Tree Identification Book, The Shrub Identification Book, and Lone Pine’s Trees of Ontario. Advanced references include William Trelease’s Winter Botany and Charles Sprague Sargent’s two-volume Manual of the Trees of North America, which covers 185 genera and 717 species and remains the most comprehensive old-style manual on North American trees. The Identification panel adds Winter Tree and Shrub ID Notes and a quick Pine Trees key.

A Network of Companion Sites

The bottom of the home page lists sixteen companion sites: Ontario Wildflowers, Ontario Ferns, Ontario Grasses, Grey-Bruce Wildflowers, World of Mosses, Ontario Insects, James Bay Road, Rupert River, Trans-Labrador Hwy, Moped Trip, Wildwood Survival, Wildwood Tracking, Stone Age Skills, Tracking Quiz, Tracker Trail, Wildwood Canada, Mumart, Wild Ontario, Earth Caretaker, Wildwood Trackers, Ontario Trackers, and Orangeville Trackers. All sites share the same vintage layout and naming convention and are maintained by Walter Muma. The network extends the species identification resources while serving as a set of small portals around Ontario’s natural history.

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