历史沿革
特雷巴赫花园位于英格兰西南角康沃尔郡法尔茅斯附近的莫南史密斯村（Mawnan Smith），沿赫尔福德河（Helford River）西岸的一条幽深溪谷向下延伸至海面，距法尔茅斯约 5 英里，是英国最南端的亚热带山谷花园之一。花园占地约 26 英亩，园内铺设有 4 英里长的步道，游客沿步道可从谷顶一路下行至花园尽头那片私属海滩。
据花园官方记录，特雷巴赫的成文历史至少可以追溯到 700 年前。1831 年，Charles Fox 与夫人 Sarah 在谷顶新建了一座宅邸并着手开垦花园，由此奠定了这片山谷花园的雏形。1878 年，花园由其女婿 Edmund Backhouse 与妻子 Juliet 继承，Juliet 在任内主持了花园植物收集的黄金时期。1907 至 1939 年间，Charles 与 Alice Hext 夫妇将收集范围进一步扩展，并接待了多位重要访客。1939 至 1947 年，花园由 Nora MacCaw 购入以躲避战火，但 1944 年第二次世界大战的诺曼底战役中，盟军登陆艇仍从这片海滩出发，特雷巴赫由此被卷入那段战时记忆。1947 至 1963 年间，花园转归 Williams、Martins、Fords 几家经营，期间花园植物被送往伦敦考文特纳花卉市场出售。1963 至 1971 年，著名赛车手兼汽车设计师 Donald Healey 与夫人 Ivy 入主特雷巴赫，战后他们修复了海滩并兴建了船屋。1971 至 1981 年由 Springs 与 Watts 持有，花园在这一时期保持了相对低调的葱郁面貌。1981 至 1990 年，Tony 与 Eira Hibbert 夫妇开始全面整修并恢复花园，1987 年首次对公众开放。1990 年 Hibbert 夫妇将花园交由新成立的特雷巴赫花园信托（Trebah Garden Trust）接管至今。
园区布局与海景
特雷巴赫是一座典型的山谷花园，自谷顶缓缓下行 4 英里直至私属海滩，整个园区落差明显，步道在热带林木与亚热带花灌木之间蜿蜒穿行。园内按植物主题与景观特色划分为多个区域，包括高大的冠军树木集中展示区 Top Trees、汇聚南半球竹类的 Bamboozle、以睡莲与水生植物为主的 Water Garden、可俯瞰海景的 Alice’s Seat、秋季主打绣球的 Hydrangea Valley、春季花事繁盛的 Rhododendron Valley、以大叶植物著称的 Gunnera Passage、由倒木与阴生植物构成的 Stumpery & Cascade、以水鸟栖居闻名的 Mallard Pond、汇集智利耐寒植物的 Chilean Coomb，以及观赏锦鲤的 Koi Pool。
花园尽头是特雷巴赫私属海滩（Polgwidden Cove），沙滩面朝赫尔福德河口，海水清澈，常年有小型船只停泊，是花园景观的天然延伸。沿步道下行至海滩再返回谷顶，单程步行距离约 1.5 英里，坡度较陡，园方建议游客预留约 2 至 3 小时以从容游览。2023 年 5 月，花园在停车场和访客中心之间的原网球场地块上落成 The Court Garden，这是一处四面以暖色石墙围护的封闭式花境，由园方首席园艺师 Darren Dickey 与花园委员会共同选定植物，并主要由园内苗圃自繁自育，全程在康沃尔本地完成，是特雷巴赫最新的一处可访问园区。
植物收藏与四季花事
特雷巴赫受墨西哥湾流与南端纬度共同影响，气候温和湿润，加之康沃尔郡西部常见的酸性土壤，园内能够同时栽培杜鹃、山茶、木兰等传统酸性土植物，以及原产南半球、对霜冻敏感的智利、澳大利亚、新西兰物种。每年春季，百年以上的杜鹃、巨型木兰与各类山茶沿谷壁铺陈，构成色彩浓烈的花海；夏季则以 Gunnera manicata（大叶 Gunnera）为主角，叶径可超过 1.5 米，是园区人气最高的拍照点；秋季 Hydrangea Valley 的绣球在中国蓝与柔白色调之间变换，与 Mallard Pond 水面相互映衬；冬季则由园内的冠军树木撑起骨架，南半球耐寒植物陆续开花，使花园在淡季仍保持可观的花事。
园内还保留有历代园主引入的多种名贵树木，包括源自智利的 Embothrium（俗称 Chilean Fire Bush）、新西兰的 Olearia 与各类桉树，以及多种玉兰、冬青、桦木与针叶树。2024 年开馆的 The Story of Trebah 展览进一步将花园的家族传承、战时故事与植物脉络系统呈现给访客，是了解特雷巴赫历史与收藏脉络的重要补充。
教育与社区活动
特雷巴赫将教育作为慈善使命的核心。花园利用亚热带园区、户外剧场与私属海滩，为本地小学、中学、继续教育学院以及法尔茅斯大学、埃克塞特大学的学生提供户外课堂资源，同时也接待家庭教育的学习团体。园内的户外剧场（Trebah Amphitheatre）依谷坡而建，可举办小型音乐会、戏剧、读书会与季节性活动，是花园文化生活的重要场地。
近年来，花园陆续推出生物荧光夜行（Biofluorescent Night Walks）、Cornish Insects 主题展、传统绳结工作坊、真菌辨识工作坊、桑拿仪式等公众活动，并通过会员秋季花园导览、家庭日、圣诞老人讲故事、海滩瑜伽等形式覆盖亲子、艺术与社区参与等多类访客。
慈善信托与游客服务
特雷巴赫花园由 Trebah Garden Trust 所有和运营，慈善注册号为 1000067，园内商业服务由其全资子公司 Trebah Enterprises Ltd 负责。访客可由法尔茅斯沿 A39 公路向南抵达莫南史密斯村，再沿标有棕色园艺景区指示牌的乡道进入，园内停车场与访客中心位于谷顶。
花园每日 9:30 开放，常规关闭时间为 16:30，全年开放，无需提前预约。访客中心设有主入口无障碍卫生间，但因山谷地形坡度较大，园方不建议使用手动轮椅，并提供 Tramper 全地形电动车的预约服务，预约电话为 01326 252200。园内 Trebah Kitchen 提供咖啡、轻食与正餐，The Beach Shop 与 The Garden Shop 分别在海滩端与谷顶经营园艺纪念品，会员制度由信托运营并支持英国皇家园艺学会（RHS）会员冬季免费入场。园方与 Lost Gardens of Heligan、Eden Project、The Newt in Somerset 等英国园艺机构开展交叉会员互惠，是英国西南部植物园合作网络的重要成员。
History
Trebah Garden lies near Mawnan Smith, just south of Falmouth in Cornwall, in a sub-tropical valley running down to a private beach on the Helford River. The 26-acre garden offers four miles of footpaths leading visitors from the head of the valley down to the sea, making it one of the most southerly sub-tropical gardens in mainland Britain.
According to the garden’s own record, Trebah’s written history stretches back some 700 years, with the estate changing hands 12 times since the early nineteenth century. In 1831 Charles Fox and his wife Sarah built a new mansion at the head of the valley and laid the foundations of the present landscape. From 1878 Juliet Backhouse, who inherited the garden from her father, presided over a golden age of planting. Between 1907 and 1939 Charles and Alice Hext expanded the collection and hosted notable guests. In 1944 the garden’s private beach served as the departure point for Allied landing craft bound for Normandy during the D-Day landings. From 1963 to 1971 the racing driver and car designer Donald Healey and his wife Ivy held Trebah, restoring the beach and building the boathouse. Tony and Eira Hibbert took over in 1981, restored the garden and opened it to the public for the first time in 1987. In 1990 the Hibberts handed ownership to the newly formed Trebah Garden Trust, which continues to run the garden today.
Lay of the Valley & Sea Views
Trebah is laid out as a valley garden, with the route descending gently through four miles of footpaths from the visitor centre at the top to the private beach at Polgwidden Cove. The terrain is steep in places, and the round trip from car park to beach and back is about three miles. The garden is divided into a series of named areas, each anchored on a particular plant theme or landscape feature: Top Trees, Bamboozle, the Water Garden, Alice’s Seat, Hydrangea Valley, Rhododendron Valley, the Gunnera Passage, the Stumpery & Cascade, Mallard Pond, the Chilean Coomb and the Koi Pool.
At the foot of the valley the private beach opens onto the Helford estuary and forms a natural extension of the garden. In May 2023 the Trust opened the Court Garden, a small walled planting between the car park and the visitor centre built on the site of a former tennis court. Designed by head gardener Darren Dickey and the Trust’s Garden Committee, and planted largely with material raised in Trebah’s own nursery, it provides a fully accessible introduction to the garden’s planting style before visitors begin their descent.
Plant Collections & Year-Round Display
Warmed by the Gulf Stream and growing on the acidic soils typical of west Cornwall, Trebah supports a plant collection that bridges traditional acid-lovers and frost-tender southern-hemisphere species. In spring the century-old rhododendrons, magnolias and camellias colour the valley slopes. In summer the giant Gunnera manicata, with leaves that can exceed 1.5 metres across, draws visitors of all ages. In autumn Hydrangea Valley fills Mallard Pond with china-blue and soft-white clouds of flower. In winter champion trees provide the structural backbone while southern-hemisphere plantings carry the floral display forward.
The collection has been added to over almost two centuries and includes Embothrium (the Chilean fire bush), Olearia from New Zealand, eucalypts, magnolias, hollies, birches and a wide range of conifers. The Story of Trebah exhibition, mounted at the garden since 2024, brings together the family history, wartime memory and plant narrative into a single visitor narrative that complements the outdoor display.
Education & Community Programmes
Education sits at the heart of the Trust’s charitable purpose. Using the sub-tropical garden, the open-air amphitheatre and the private beach, Trebah welcomes primary and secondary schools, further-education colleges and university students from Falmouth and Exeter, as well as home-education and alternative-provider groups. The amphitheatre, cut into the valley slope, hosts music, theatre, talks and seasonal events throughout the year.
Recent community programmes have included Biofluorescent Night Walks, the Cornish Insects exhibition, Heritage Rope Making workshops, Fungi ID workshops, Sauna Ceremonies, member garden tours, family trails, Christmas storytelling with Santa, and Beach Yoga, with activities designed for families, schools, art groups and the wider south Cornwall community.
Charitable Trust & Visitor Services
Trebah Garden has been owned and operated by Trebah Garden Trust, registered charity number 1000067, since 1990, with commercial activity carried out through Trebah Enterprises Ltd. The garden is reached from Falmouth via the A39 south to Mawnan Smith, following the brown tourist signs to the car park and visitor centre at the head of the valley.
The garden opens daily at 9:30 with a standard closing time of 16:30, all year round, with no pre-booking required. Toilet facilities are provided in the visitor centre; because the valley is steep, manual wheelchairs are not recommended, and Tramper all-terrain mobility scooters can be reserved by calling 01326 252200. Refreshments are served at Trebah Kitchen, and The Beach Shop and The Garden Shop operate at the beach end and the visitor centre respectively. Membership is run by the Trust and includes reciprocal arrangements with the Royal Horticultural Society (winter free entry), the Lost Gardens of Heligan, Eden Project, The Newt in Somerset and a number of other Cornish visitor attractions, embedding Trebah within the south-west garden network.
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