历史沿革
Bodnant 庄园位于英国威尔士北部 Conwy 郡 Tal-y-Cafn 村，由维多利亚工业化学家 Henry Davis Pochin 于 1874 年购入这片土地，他把原本只有草坪与牧场的乔治亚庄园委托给约瑟夫·帕克斯顿的徒弟 Edward Milner 重新设计，由此开启山坡与河谷的园林化进程。1929 年前后，Pochin 的女儿 Laura McLaren 及其子 Henry McLaren（第二代 Aberconway 男爵）接力建设了意大利露台、”滑冰池”以及杜鹃、珙桐、木兰等远途引种区；1949 年 Henry McLaren 将整座花园正式移交给英国国民信托（National Trust），使其成为继 Hidcote 之后托管的第二座重要私家花园，由 McLaren 家族与三位 Puddle 家族首席园丁合作管理数十年。
庄园地理与建筑
庄园坐落于 Snowdonia（Eryri）山麓、Conwy 河谷西向山坡之上，主园占地约 80 英亩，海拔由河谷向雪当尼亚山脉逐级抬升；上花园环抱着 Bodnant Hall 这座乔治亚风格主厅，下花园”戴尔（The Dell）”沿 Hiraethlyn 河谷延展，包含野生花园、针叶园、瀑布与水生植物带。运河露台尽端的”松磨坊（Pin Mill）”原为 1730 年格洛斯特郡的工业建筑，1938 年由 Henry McLaren 异地编号拆解后逐砖复原，至今仍作为庄园最具辨识度的建筑符号；1882 年建成的家族陵寝”The Poem”为新哥特式二级保护建筑，安放着五代人遗物。
园林景观与分区
上花园由意大利式台地、玫瑰花圃与”紫藤拱道（Laburnum Arch）”组成，紫藤拱道长约 55 米，是英国同类拱道中最长的一道，每年 5、6 月间花期绵延近三周，被视为英国最具标志性的春季景观。下花园以 Dell 河谷为核心，分出针叶树 Pinetum、Yew Dell、Far End 河边区及 2012 年以来陆续开放的冬园、Old Park Meadow、Furnace 林地与 Meadow 区；2017 年 Furnace Wood 开放，Heather Hill 与 Cae Poeth Meadow 仍在继续扩建中。整园共豢养 22 株国家”冠军树（Champion Trees）”，以金钟柏、巨杉、日本伞松和日本扁柏为代表。
国家植物收藏
庄园目前持守五项英国国家植物收藏（National Plant Collections），分别为：Rhododendron forrestii、栎叶绣球七姐妹之一的玉山杜鹃组、玉兰属（Magnolia）、智利火焰树（Embothrium coccineum）与亮叶冬青（Eucryphia），另有约 350 种 Bodnant 杂交杜鹃作为第五项延伸收藏。Pochin 与 McLaren 父子先后资助 E. H. Wilson、George Forrest、Frank Kingdon-Ward 与 Harold Comber 等探险家于 1899—1925 年间从中国云南、四川、西藏及南美安第斯山脉引种，其中 Wilson 带回的珙桐（Davidia involucrata var. vilmoriniana）母树与 Lilium regale 至今仍生长在露台之上。
国民托管与公众服务
1949 年起，Bodnant 庄园的核心园区由英国国民信托托管，2024 年共接待 27.4 万名游客，园区维持 Grade I 名录等级。信托方与 McLaren 家族共同维护自 2006 年至 2015 年由 Troy Scott Smith 主理、其后由 John Rippin 接任的园丁团队；庄园同时承担义工导览、Dell 区野餐与户外婚礼、Bodnant Welsh Food Centre 餐饮服务、假日小筑（Holiday Cottages）及 Garth Iwrch 等度假租赁，构成兼顾公众参观与乡村经济的多业态遗产综合体。
Historical Evolution
Bodnant Estate sits in the Welsh county of Conwy at Tal-y-Cafn. In 1874 the Victorian industrial chemist Henry Davis Pochin bought the property, hired Edward Milner, an apprentice of Joseph Paxton, to redesign the lawns and pasture around the existing Georgian hall, and with his daughter Laura McLaren and grandson Henry McLaren (2nd Baron Aberconway) established the garden we know today. In 1949 Henry McLaren handed the garden over to the National Trust, making Bodnant only the second privately created garden, after Hidcote, to enter the Trust’s care; five generations of the McLaren family have since partnered with three generations of Puddle head gardeners.
Estate Geography and Architecture
The estate looks westward over the Conwy valley towards the Carneddau mountains of Snowdonia (Eryri) and rises from riverside meadows up the steep hillside. The roughly 80-acre site is split between the upper garden that surrounds Bodnant Hall with Italianate terraces, formal pools and the famous Laburnum Arch, and the lower Dell valley where a 1938 Pin Mill, dismantled in Gloucestershire around 1730 and rebuilt brick by brick at Bodnant, marks the head of the Canal Terrace. The Neo-Gothic mausoleum “The Poem” of 1882, listed Grade II, stands at the end of the Dell.
Garden Landscape and Zones
Formal terraces, rose beds and the 55-metre Laburnum Arch, the longest of its kind in the United Kingdom, flower for almost three weeks in late May and June. The Dell valley combines a Pinetum of American and Asiatic conifers, the Yew Dell woodland walk, the Far End riverside garden and meadow plantings, with recent additions including the Winter Garden, Old Park Meadow, Furnace Wood and Furnace Meadow (the latter opened in 2017) and the planned Heather Hill and Cae Poeth Meadow. Twenty-two Champion Trees are recorded across the property.
National Plant Collections
The garden holds five National Plant Collections: Rhododendron forrestii, Magnolia, Embothrium coccineum, Eucryphia and the Bodnant Hybrid Rhododendrons of around 350 cultivars. Plant hunters sponsored between 1899 and 1925 by the estate, including Ernest Henry Wilson, George Forrest, Frank Kingdon-Ward and Harold Comber, brought back seed from western China, Tibet and the Chilean Andes; the original Handkerchief Tree (Davidia involucrata) brought by Wilson, and mass plantings of Lilium regale on the Rose Terrace, still thrive here.
National Trust Custody and Public Services
Since 1949 the core garden has been in National Trust ownership and is registered as Grade I on the Cadw/ICOMOS Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in Wales, receiving some 274,000 visitors in 2024. Head gardeners Frederick, Charles and Martin Puddle were followed by Troy Scott Smith in 2006 and John Rippin in 2015, while the wider Bodnant Estate continues to operate holiday cottages, the Bodnant Welsh Food Centre and the Tal-y-Cafn Studios as a diversified heritage estate that balances public access with rural enterprise.
相关文章：
英国 博德南花园 Bodnant Garden – 园艺展示与体验空间
英国 伊福德庄园IFORD MANOR ESTATE – 是在《秘密花园》（2020
英国 博尔德山丘花园 – 西萨塞克斯郡的五代传承植物庄园
英国凯尔海斯庄园 Caerhays Estate – 占地140英亩的林地花园是英国遗产名录二级
英国 摩尔草甸花园 Moors Meadow Garden – 园艺展示与体验空间
加拿大地产花园苗圃 Estate Gardens – Sherwood Park以东
美国西雅图邓恩花园 Dunn Gardens – 受人尊敬的奥姆斯特德兄弟景观公司于1915年设计了“美国西雅图邓恩花园 Dunn Gardens”
加拿大 温哥华月季（玫瑰）协会 – 行业自律与服务组织
发表回复