荷兰 MPS集团 Milieu Programma Sierteelt – 观赏植物环保登记与认证

由种植者发起的环境记录体系

MPS 是一家设在荷兰的机构，专门给观赏植物行业做环保登记和认证。名称来自荷兰语 Milieu Programma Sierteelt，英文一般写作 Floriculture Environmental Programme，站上现在的标识写的是 MPS driven by sustainability。办公地在 Honselersdijk，网站有荷兰语、英语和德语三个版本。

关于成立时间，站上关于 MPS-ABC 的页面说得很直白：MPS 成立于 1995 年，是荷兰种植者共同发起的项目。另一份行业标准名录把成立年份记作 1993 年，一些种植企业的介绍里也说 MPS 从 1993 年起管理这套环境登记系统。这几个年份指向的不是同一件事，引用时最好分清。

这三十多年里它做的事没有大变：让种植者把用量如实记下来，再由集团内独立的认证机构审核发证。最早全靠手工从纸表上抄录数据，站上员工的回忆里还留着那段日子，如今已是完整的在线登记环境。

规模方面，站上 2024 年的新闻稿提到参与的企业约 3,200 家，900 多个生产点实施了 MPS-GAP 的要求，300 多家公司达到了 MPS-SQ 的工作条件标准。2020 年一本行业杂志写的是 50 多个国家、3,000 多家种植者参与。那份行业标准名录记的是 44 多个国家、约 4,000 家参与企业，数据统计到 2018 年。几个数字都接近，但年份和统计口径不同，站上也没有给出更新的总数。

五项用量与十三个记录周期

要登记的内容有五项：植保剂、肥料、能源、水和废弃物。数据可以实时录入，也可以每四周记一次。

之后是审核环节。连续记录满 13 个周期，也就是四个季度后，企业接受一次现场审核，通过后由集团内独立的认证机构 MPS-ECAS 签发证书并给出第一个等级，等级每季度按最新数据重算一次。

用量的总分为 110 分。MPS-A+ 至少要 90 分，并且植保剂一项不低于 85%，肥料与能源不低于 75%；MPS-A 是 70 到 110 分；MPS-B 是 55 到 69.9 分；MPS-C 是 10 到 54.9 分。

记录之前先要有一份栽培计划，每种作物和它占用的面积都要写进去。标准按作物和企业面积来定，因为不同作物的发病风险、肥料需求和温度要求并不一样。

植保剂另有一项指标 MPS-MIND，把产品按对环境的影响分成绿、黄、红三档，MPS 禁用物质清单上的产品不能用。MPS-OEX 则为密集但效率高的种植方式放宽肥料和能源的企业标准，只适用于温室栽培。

等级、证书与几套标准

环境记录是基础证书 MPS-ABC。面向国际零售商的准入证书是 MPS-GAP，覆盖追溯性、环境、植保剂使用和召回程序，对标 GLOBALG.A.P.，要拿到它得先有有效的 MPS-ABC 等级。

年营业额不超过 25 万欧元的规模较小的种植者有简化版本 MPS-Compact：只记关键数据，每半年记一次，审核通过后拿到证书。已经记过的数据以后转到 MPS-ABC、MPS-GAP 和 MPS-SQ 时不会丢失。

劳工方面有 MPS-Socially Qualified，依据国际劳工组织的准则检查工作条件、健康与安全，参加者需要持有有效的 MPS-A 等级。

认证由集团内的 MPS-ECAS 承担，这是一家独立认证机构，按国际认证机构标准运作，审核与发证由它自行完成，MPS 只负责制定标准。站上另外还提供质量、追溯、集团标签和贸易门户等服务。

FSI 与拍卖市场的硬性要求

花卉业可持续发展倡议 FSI 自 2013 年起运作，围绕生产与贸易、行为准则和整合报告三方面推进。它的标准篮子原本收进良好农业规范与社会规范两项，2021 年初又加了环境一项。MPS 的 GAP 与 SQ 一直在篮子里，MPS-ABC 也较早被环境篮子接受，站上说自己是三个篮子都进入的少数标准之一。

拍卖端的变化更直接。荷兰花卉拍卖 Royal FloraHolland 在 2024 年 3 月宣布，从 2026 年 1 月 1 日起，经该平台交易、拍卖和结算的大多数会员与供应商都要按 FSI 要求持证，并计划在 2027 年前全部达标。MPS 自己的说明页也写明，从 2026 年 1 月 1 日起，经该平台交易的多数会员与供应商须按 FSI 要求完成认证。

这项要求在行业里并非没有分歧。2025 年流传过一份反对强制认证的联署页面，页面上列有拍卖方的回复，以及不同会员类型生效时间不同的情况。MPS 则把这件事表述为自己支持推进的方向。

也有企业把认证当成主动选择。2026 年 6 月站上访谈荷兰扶郎花企业 Gerbera United 时，这家企业说认证不只是市场要求，更希望整个行业都跟进。他们的扶郎花种在 10.5 公顷的温室里。

组织、标准修订与碳足迹

MPS 集团设五人董事会，主要利益相关方在董事会里，包括荷兰花卉拍卖、荷兰温室园艺协会 Glastuinbouw Nederland 和园艺批发组织 VGB。标准的具体内容由专家委员会把关，成员来自瓦赫宁根大学经济研究所等机构。

标准至少每五年复核一次。修订要先找出需要调整的地方，向所有使用者公开征询，征询期不少于 60 天；意见处理后交专家委员会，再由董事会批准，最后在站上公布并通知相关方。两次大修之间还可以出补充决定，补充决定立即生效，作为附件与标准并存。

碳足迹方面有 HortiFootprint 计算器，按欧盟的产品类别规则核算花卉和植物的生命周期环境影响，MPS-ABC 里记录的植保剂与肥料数据可以直接送进去使用。

2026 年 9 月 27 日起，欧盟开始对面向消费者的可持续声明实施更严格的新规。MPS 表示支持其原则，并说明 MPS-Vignette 是一件信息与追溯工具，本身不构成对产品的环境声明。

站上列出的服务还包括质量、追溯、集团标签和贸易门户；认证查询工具允许输入公司名或 MPS 编号，实时查看这家企业持有哪些证书。

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A scheme started by growers

MPS is an organisation based in the Netherlands that keeps environmental records and runs certification for the ornamental horticulture industry. The name comes from the Dutch Milieu Programma Sierteelt, usually written in English as Floriculture Environmental Programme, while the current logo on the site reads MPS driven by sustainability. The office is in Honselersdijk, and the site is published in Dutch, English and German.

On the founding date, the page about MPS-ABC on the site is plain about it: MPS was founded in 1995 as a joint initiative of the Dutch growers. A separate standards registry gives 1993 as the year it was established, and several growers describe MPS as having managed the environmental registration system since 1993. The dates do not all point at the same event, so it is best to keep them apart.

The work itself has not changed much over these more than thirty years. Growers record what they actually use, and an independent certification body inside the group audits the records and issues the certificate. Early on everything was copied by hand from paper forms, and staff on the site still remember those days; it is now a full online record-keeping environment.

On size, a news item on the site from 2024 mentions around 3,200 participating horticultural companies, the MPS-GAP requirements in place at more than 900 sites, and over 300 companies meeting the MPS-SQ working conditions standard. A trade magazine counted more than 3,000 growers in over 50 countries in 2020. The standards registry lists more than 44 countries and around 4,000 participating entrepreneurs, with the data collected in 2018. The figures are close, but the years and the counting methods differ, and the site gives no more recent total.

Five inputs and thirteen periods

Five things are recorded: crop protection agents, fertilisers, energy, water and waste. Entries can be made in real time or once every four weeks.

The audit follows. After 13 consecutive periods, four quarters in total, the company is audited on site and, if it passes, the independent certification body inside the group, MPS-ECAS, issues the certificate together with a first qualification. That qualification is recalculated every quarter from the latest data.

The score runs to 110 points. MPS-A+ needs at least 90 points, plus at least 85% on crop protection agents and 75% on fertiliser and energy. MPS-A covers 70 to 110 points, MPS-B 55 to 69.9, and MPS-C 10 to 54.9.

Before anything is recorded, the grower needs a cultivation plan listing each crop and the area it covers. Standards are set per crop and per company size, because disease susceptibility, fertiliser needs and temperature requirements differ from one crop to the next.

Crop protection agents carry a second indicator, MPS-MIND, which classifies products as green, amber or red by their impact on the environment. Products on the MPS list of prohibited substances may not be used. MPS-OEX relaxes the fertiliser and energy standards for growers with intensive but efficient cultivation, and applies to greenhouse cultivation only.

Qualifications and the family of standards

The environmental certificate is MPS-ABC. The entry certificate for supplying international retailers is MPS-GAP, which covers traceability, environment, crop protection agents and recall procedures, is benchmarked against GLOBALG.A.P. and requires a valid MPS-ABC qualification.

Smaller growers with a turnover of up to 250,000 euros a year can use MPS-Compact. Fewer fields to fill, records every six months instead, and an audit before the certificate is issued. Data already logged is not lost when a company later moves to MPS-ABC, MPS-GAP and MPS-SQ.

On labour there is MPS-Socially Qualified, which checks working conditions, health and safety against International Labour Organization guidelines and asks for a valid MPS-A qualification.

Certification is carried out by MPS-ECAS, the independent certification body inside the group. It works to international standards for certification bodies, and handles the audits and the certification decisions on its own, while MPS develops the standards. The site also offers quality, traceability, group label and trade portal services.

FSI and the auction requirement

The Floriculture Sustainability Initiative has been running since 2013, working on responsible production and trade, responsible conduct and integrated reporting across the chain. Its basket of standards started with good agricultural practice and social practice, and a third basket for good environmental practices was added at the beginning of 2021. MPS-GAP and MPS-SQ have been in the basket throughout, and MPS-ABC was among the first standards accepted into the environmental basket.

The change on the auction side is more immediate. Royal FloraHolland announced in March 2024 that from 1 January 2026 the majority of its members and suppliers trading, selling and settling flowers and plants on the platform must be certified to FSI requirements, with full compliance planned for 2027. MPS states the same date for the majority of members and suppliers trading and selling through the platform.

The requirement has not been without friction. A petition against mandatory FSI certification circulated in 2025, listing replies from the auction and different effective dates for different membership packages. MPS presents the direction as one it supports.

Some growers take certification as a deliberate choice rather than a requirement. In a June 2026 interview with the Dutch gerbera grower Gerbera United, the company said certification was not mainly about market demand but about the whole industry getting behind it. Their gerberas cover 10.5 hectares of greenhouse.

Governance, standard reviews and carbon footprint

The MPS Group has a five-person board on which the main stakeholders sit, including Royal FloraHolland, Glastuinbouw Nederland and VGB. The content of the standards is handled by the Council of Experts, whose members come from Wageningen Economic Research and similar institutions.

Every standard is reviewed at least once every five years. A revision starts with the changes that are wanted or needed, goes out for public consultation with a minimum of sixty days, and the feedback is assessed before a new version is approved by the Council of Experts and ratified by the Board. Between revisions additional decisions can be taken, and these enter into force immediately as a supplement to the standard.

For carbon footprint there is the HortiFootprint Calculator, which works out the life cycle impact of flowers and plants under the European product category rules. The crop protection and fertiliser data recorded in MPS-ABC feeds straight into it.

From 27 September 2026 new European Union rules apply to sustainability claims made to consumers. MPS states that it supports the principles, and that the MPS-Vignette is an information and traceability tool rather than a sustainability claim about a product.

The services listed on the site also cover quality, traceability, group labels and the trade portal, and the validation tool lets anyone enter a company name or MPS number to see in real time which certificates a company holds.