植物园概况
Pinetum Blijdenstein 是一座专攻裸子植物的植物园，位于荷兰希尔弗瑟姆（Hilversum）一处别墅区内，全年均对公众开放。该园以约四百种针叶树为核心收藏，在世界上同类专类园中名列前茅，园中另设有苏铁类、买麻藤属以及杜鹃花等重要专类，是荷兰国家植物收藏（Nationale Plantencollectie）的成员单位之一，同时也隶属荷兰植物园协会（NVBT）。
园区历史
植物园由银行家本杰明·威廉·布利登斯坦（Benjamin Willem Blijdenstein，1839—1914）创立。他早年在伦敦与英国皇家植物园邱园（Kew Gardens）建立联系，由此对针叶树收藏产生浓厚兴趣，并委托景观建筑师亨德里克·科派恩（Hendrik Copijn）于一九〇九年按英式自然风景园风格设计了这片针叶树专类园。布利登斯坦去世后，家族将这片针叶园遗赠给阿姆斯特丹市，由阿姆斯特丹大学托管；目前则由布利登斯坦针叶园基金会（Stichting Pinetum Blijdenstein）负责日常管理。
植物收藏
植物园的核心收藏是裸子植物，全世界现存约一千种裸子植物，这里便汇集了近四百种，涵盖温带、热带及亚热带多个气候带，其中包含十四个被世界自然保护联盟（IUCN）列入红色名录的严重濒危物种。针叶树以外，园内另有约一百三十种野生杜鹃花和约二十二种买麻藤属植物，二〇〇一年起还辟出塔斯马尼亚植物角，栽种包括稀有树种 Lagarostrobus franklinii 在内的若干岛屿特有植物。
参观与活动
植物园周一至周五上午九点至下午四点半开放，周末与节假日上午十二点至下午四点半开放。成人门票四欧元，十二岁以上同价，四至十一岁儿童一欧元，四岁以下免票，每周三对个人访客免费。园方常设多条步行路线，含一条专为视障访客设计的「用鼻子探访」路线，并定期举办公开导览与儿童寻宝活动，场地内还提供可租赁的活动厅与婚礼举办服务。
支持与组织
植物园依靠门票、会员、捐赠与场地租用维持运营，会员卡个人版二十四欧元、家庭版四十欧元（最多四人），可全年无限次入园。它是荷兰植物园协会（NVBT）成员，参与国家植物收藏体系，并加入 IUCN 针叶树专家组，为欧洲范围内的植物迁地保护、科普展示与公众教育提供长期支撑。
Garden Overview
Pinetum Blijdenstein is a botanical garden in the villa district of Hilversum in the Netherlands, dedicated to gymnosperms and open to visitors all year round. It holds one of the world’s foremost collections of conifers with around four hundred species, alongside important holdings of cycads, Ephedra and rhododendrons, and is part of the Nationale Plantencollectie (National Plant Collection) and a member of the Nederlandse Vereniging van Botanische Tuinen (NVBT).
Garden History
The garden was established by banker Benjamin Willem Blijdenstein (1839-1914), whose interest in conifers was awakened through his contact with Kew Gardens in London. He commissioned landscape architect Hendrik Copijn to design the pinetum in 1909 in the English landscape style. After his death the pinetum was bequeathed to Amsterdam and managed by the University of Amsterdam, and today it is run by the Stichting Pinetum Blijdenstein (Pinetum Foundation).
Plant Collections
Worldwide there are roughly one thousand species of gymnosperms, of which the garden preserves nearly four hundred, drawn from temperate, tropical and subtropical regions; fourteen of these are listed as critically threatened on the IUCN Red List. Beyond conifers the garden holds about one hundred and thirty wild rhododendron species, twenty-two species of Ephedra, and a Tasmanian plant corner established in 2001 that includes the rare conifer Lagarostrobus franklinii.
Visiting and Activities
The garden is open weekdays from 09:00 to 16:30 and on weekends and public holidays from 12:00 to 16:30. Admission is four euros for adults and visitors aged twelve and over, one euro for children aged four to eleven, free for younger children, and free for individual visitors every Wednesday. Several walking routes are available, including a scent and touch route designed for visually impaired visitors, and the site hosts regular guided tours, family activities, and venue hire for events and weddings.
Support and Organisation
The garden is supported by admission fees, membership, donations and venue hire. Friend cards cost twenty-four euros for an individual and forty euros for a family of up to four, with unlimited year-round entry. As an NVBT member and participant in the Nationale Plantencollectie, and as a member of the IUCN Conifer Specialist Group, the garden contributes to ex-situ plant conservation, public education and outreach at both national and European level.
发表回复