协会性质与历史沿革
德国苗圃联盟（Bund deutscher Baumschulen，简称 BdB）成立于 1907 年，是德国苗圃行业的全国性职业协会与政治代言人，总部位于柏林，以注册社团（eingetragener Verein）的法律形式运作，按行业自治原则代表德国苗圃生产者对外发声。 德国苗圃业本身拥有逾两百年栽培传统，今天大街小巷、公园、私家庭院所见的行道树、观赏灌木与果树，绝大多数都来自苗圃。德国苗圃联盟的成立初衷便是把这些分散在各地的中小型苗圃企业组织起来，让这个行业在产业政策、城市绿化议题、植保与种苗质量标准上能用一个声音与政府、议会和欧盟机构对话；二战后协会历经多次重组，今天的 BdB 是德国观赏苗木行业唯一的全国性行业自治组织。
行业规模、产值与州分会体系
据德国苗圃联盟官方统计，德国苗圃业目前使用约 15,350 公顷栽培面积，年产值约 13 亿欧元，是欧洲观赏苗木行业的领头羊；按 2023 年的公开数据，BdB 直接代表 870 余家会员企业，加上通过州分会间接覆盖的苗圃，整个行业的从业企业超过 1,800 家、从业人员约 11,400 人、其中学徒工 828 人，是德国园艺业中规模最大的细分行业之一。 协会在联邦层面之下设有 14 个州分会（Landesverbände），按巴登-黑森、巴伐利亚、勃兰登堡-柏林、汉堡、汉诺威、梅克伦堡-前波美拉尼亚、北莱茵-威斯特法伦、莱茵兰、莱茵兰-普法尔茨、萨尔、萨克森、萨克森-安哈尔特、石勒苏益格-荷尔斯泰因、威悉-埃姆斯划分，会员按苗圃所在地归属相应州分会，州分会负责本州范围内的会员服务、与州政府对话和地方性培训推广工作。
核心业务：行业代言与质量标准
BdB 的日常工作可以归结为三块：行业代言、质量标准和社会沟通。在行业代言方面，协会代表苗圃业在联邦议会、联邦政府以及欧盟层面就城市绿化（Stadtgrün）、行道树保护、植树新品种法规、植物检疫等议题发声，长期呼吁新建项目中把 5% 造价用于活体绿化，并推动一项将国家、科学界与行业专业人员统筹在一起的国家级城市绿化战略。 在质量标准方面，BdB 与联邦品种局（BSA）、联邦景观开发与景观建设研究协会（FLL）共同维护苗圃植物质量规则，并联合主办两项历史悠久的德国苗木评价体系：通用德国玫瑰新品种测试（Allgemeine Deutsche Rosenneuheitenprüfung，简称 ADR）由分布在德国各地的 12 个独立测试园合作完成，3 年测试期内全程禁用农药，是欧洲最具权威的玫瑰新品种抗病测试之一；通用德国苗木审查（Bundesgehölzsichtung）则针对各类观赏灌木与行道树开展多年期适应性评价。此外，认证品牌苗圃（Zertifizierte Markenbaumschule）制度对会员企业提供超出现行法规之外的第三方独立认证，是德国苗圃业最重要的质量标签之一。 在社会沟通方面，协会与德国联邦园艺展协会（Deutsche Bundesgartenschaugesellschaft，DBG）合作，每两年作为市政伙伴参与举办一届联邦园艺展（Bundesgartenschau），并通过基金会 Die grüne Stadt 推动城市绿化的公众教育与项目示范。
学徒工培训、对外网络与出版
BdB 长期推广苗圃园艺师（Baumschulgärtner/in）这一职业，三年制双元制学徒培训由各州农业协会负责考核，协会则通过 Zukunft Grün 等招聘宣传项目、学徒开放日以及对会员苗圃的支持，把苗圃工种介绍给中学生和转行人士；学徒培训完成后可以继续攻读州立技师（Techniker/in）或进入 Hochschule 园艺、景观工程等专业深造，协会自身也运营 BdB-Akademie 系列高级研讨班。 对外关系方面，BdB 与德国景观设计师联合会（bdla）、德国园艺景观与运动场地建设联合会（BGL）、德国园艺中央联合会（ZVG）共同组成 Initiative Grün für Stadt und Land 倡议，在联邦议会层面定期举办绿色基础设施相关活动；在欧盟层面，BdB 是欧洲苗木协会（European Nursery Stock Association，ENA）的创始成员之一，与其他 19 个欧洲国家协会一起就欧盟植保指令、入侵物种法规、国际植物贸易规则与欧洲议会对话。 出版方面，协会定期发布年报（Jahresbericht）、行业通讯 Grün-Online，并出版关于耐淹树种、未来城市行道树等专题手册，其中 Überflutungstolerante Bäume（耐淹树种手册）已发行德英双语版，供市政规划师与苗圃生产者使用；官方检索服务 Baumschul-Suche 与 Landesverbände 子站则允许客户按地区、专长直接查询苗圃会员。
现任理事会、机构与对外服务
BdB 的最高决策机构是会员代表大会（Delegiertenversammlung），成员代表由各州分会按缴费比例派出，每四年一次负责选举理事会（Präsidium）和审议预算；日常决策由六人理事会执行，其中主席为 Hajo Hinrichs（Hinrichs 苗圃家族第四代经营者），副主席三人，另有财务主管；常务办公室（Hauptgeschäftsstelle）设于柏林，由 BdB 总干事 Markus Guhl 带领约六名全职雇员负责日常运营。 理事会之下还设中央委员会（Hauptausschuss），由各州分会主席与专业委员会主席组成；30 余个专业委员会在经济政策、生产技术、市场营销三大领域内长期义务工作，承担标准修订、调研与对外咨询任务。协会的全资子公司 BdB Servicegesellschaft mbH（BSG，1996 年成立）负责行业数据、地理来源苗木认证（Zertifizierungsgemeinschaft gebietseigener Gehölze，ZgG）和软件接口 Gartenbauformat，并为会员提供 BAMAKA 集团采购优惠。 协会同时维护多个对外信息门户：客户门户 Kundinnen 介绍苗木购买与质量识别方法，产品专题页 Obstgehölze / Laubgehölze / Immergrüne Gehölze / Rosen / Heckenpflanzen / Schling- und Kletterpflanzen / Bodendecker 等按植物类型分类介绍德国苗圃的主销品类；客户可直接在 Baumschul-Suche 检索按地区、专长认证品牌苗圃。
Organisation Profile and History
The Bund deutscher Baumschulen (BdB) — the German Nursery Trade Association — was founded in 1907 and is the national professional association and political voice of Germany’s nursery industry. Headquartered in Berlin and registered as an eingetragener Verein, the BdB represents German nursery growers across industrial policy, urban greening, plant health and nursery stock quality matters. German nurseries themselves look back on more than two centuries of cultivation tradition; nearly every street tree, park shrub and orchard specimen planted in the country comes from a nursery. The BdB was created to give these often small and medium-sized family businesses a single industry-wide interlocutor for governments, parliaments and the European Union. After several post-war reorganisations, the BdB today remains Germany’s only nationwide industry self-governing body for ornamental nursery stock.
Sector Size, Output and State Chapters
According to the BdB’s own current figures, the German nursery industry cultivates roughly 15,350 hectares and produces about 1.3 billion euros of output each year, making it the leading ornamental nursery sector in Europe. As of 2023, the BdB directly represents around 870 member nurseries; together with firms organised through the state chapters, the wider industry accounts for more than 1,800 businesses, about 11,400 employees and 828 apprentices. Beneath the federal association sit 14 Landesverbände covering Baden-Hessen, Bayern, Brandenburg-Berlin, Hamburg, Hannover, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Rheinland, Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Schleswig-Holstein and Weser-Ems. Members belong to the chapter covering their headquarters region; each chapter handles local member services, dialogue with state government and regional apprenticeship promotion.
Core Activity: Advocacy and Quality Standards
The BdB’s day-to-day work falls into three strands: political advocacy, quality standards and public engagement. On advocacy, the association speaks for the nursery trade in the Bundestag, the federal government and the European Union on issues ranging from urban greening (Stadtgrün) and avenue-tree protection to plant breeders’ rights and plant quarantine. The BdB has long called for a fixed five-percent share of new construction budgets to be reserved for living green, and for a national urban-greening strategy that brings together government, science and the professions. On quality, the BdB works with the Bundessortenamt (BSA) and the Forschungsgesellschaft Landschaftsentwicklung Landschaftsbau (FLL) on nursery stock quality rules and co-runs two long-running German plant evaluation schemes. The Allgemeine Deutsche Rosenneuheitenprüfung (ADR) is run with 12 independent trial gardens distributed across Germany; over a three-year trial period no plant protection products are used, which makes ADR one of Europe’s most respected tests for disease-resistant new roses. The Bundesgehölzsichtung covers ornamental shrubs and avenue trees in multi-year trials. The Zertifizierte Markenbaumschule scheme offers member nurseries independent third-party certification beyond statutory requirements and is the most important quality mark in the German nursery trade. On public engagement, the association co-organises the Bundesgartenschau every other year as a partner of host municipalities through the Deutsche Bundesgartenschaugesellschaft (DBG), and runs the Die grüne Stadt foundation for urban-greening education and pilot projects.
Training, External Network and Publications
The BdB promotes the Baumschulgärtner/in (nursery gardener) occupation through the three-year dual apprenticeship scheme, which is examined by the regional chambers of agriculture; the association itself runs the Zukunft Grün recruitment campaign, open days and member-firm support. Apprentices can progress to state-certified Techniker/in qualifications or study horticulture and landscape engineering at universities; the BdB-Akademie offers further advanced training. Externally, the BdB co-leads the Initiative Grün für Stadt und Land together with the bdla (Bund deutscher Landschaftsarchitekt:innen), the BGL (Bundesverband Garten-, Landschafts- und Sportplatzbau) and the ZVG (Zentralverband Gartenbau), and hosts regular parliamentary events on green infrastructure. In Brussels, the BdB is a founding member of the European Nursery Stock Association (ENA), which represents 20 European country associations on EU plant health, invasive species and international plant-trade rules. On the publications side, the association issues the Jahresbericht (annual report), the Grün-Online newsletter, and thematic brochures such as the German-English Überflutungstolerante Bäume (flood-tolerant trees) handbook for municipal planners and growers. The Baumschul-Suche and Landesverbände portals let customers locate certified-brand nurseries by region and specialism.
Board, Governance and Member Services
The BdB’s highest decision-making body is the Delegiertenversammlung, whose delegates are sent by the state chapters in proportion to their contributions; every four years it elects the six-member Präsidium (board of directors) and approves the budget. The current President is Hajo Hinrichs, a fourth-generation nursery operator; he is supported by three Vice-Presidents and a Treasurer. Day-to-day operations are handled from the Hauptgeschäftsstelle in Berlin under Hauptgeschäftsführer Markus Guhl and a team of about six staff. The Hauptausschuss, made up of state chapter chairs and subject-matter committee chairs, advises the Präsidium on substantive questions. More than 30 standing committees cover the Wirtschaftspolitik, Produktion and Marketing working areas on a voluntary basis. The BdB’s wholly-owned service company Bund deutscher Baumschulen Servicegesellschaft mbH (BSG), founded in 1996, runs industry data services, the Zertifizierungsgemeinschaft gebietseigener Gehölze (ZgG) certification scheme and the Gartenbauformat software standard, and channels BAMAKA group-purchasing discounts to members. Public-facing information portals include the Kundinnen customer portal on how to buy and recognise quality nursery stock, the product topic pages on Obstgehölze, Laubgehölze, Immergrüne Gehölze, Rosen, Heckenpflanzen, Schling- und Kletterpflanzen and Bodendecker covering the main German product categories, and the Baumschul-Suche member directory.
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