花园缘起与维护
Franz Hadacek 高山植物与球根花卉花园由奥地利维也纳已故植物爱好者 Franz Hadacek 创办,记录他四十余年间在自家小园里对高山植物与球根花卉的栽培尝试。Franz 生前长期担任公务员,退休后专心打理这处私人收藏,晚年因肺炎在维也纳家中辞世。儿子与儿媳同为植物学家,孙辈 Stefan Hoerandl 后来成为学术植物学研究者,家人保留这个网页作为对 Franz 的纪念,自 2017 年 2 月最后一次小范围修订后不再更新。
维也纳小园与 frame 培育法
园子位于维也纳南部一处小丘上,矩形布局,总面积约 500 平方米,属 USDA 耐寒带 6 区,夏季炎热、冬季少雪,年降水量约 600 至 650 毫米,七、八月最为干燥,不远处就是葡萄园。因为夏季高温不利于多数高山植物存活,Franz 没有建造高山温室,改用一座座带塑料顶的活动 frame 作培育床,既能遮挡夏季冰雹与雷雨,也能在冬季遮挡积冰,还方便人工控水。
高山植物与球根花卉收藏
frame 里主要养那些不超过 10 厘米的小型高山植物,Franz 偏爱从种子亲手播种,享受花朵第一次开放的瞬间。收藏以高山植物和球根花卉两大类为主:高山植物包括 Androsace、Primula clusiana、Gentiana clusii、Saxifraga longifolia、Lewisia rediviva、Raoulia eximia 等;球根花卉则在 frame 内和露天草地间分别种植 Colchicum、Crocus、Cyclamen coum、Sternbergia sicula、Dracunculus muscivorus、Eranthis hyemalis、Galanthus 与 Iris histrioides ‘Katharine Hodgkin’ 等。
国际学会与植物狩猎足迹
Franz 同时是英国 Alpine Garden Society、苏格兰 Scottish Rock Garden Club、Saxifraga Society 与 Androsace Group 四家国际高山植物学会的会员。数十年来他在欧洲山区、希腊、土耳其、新西兰等地走访苗圃与野外,植物狩猎旅行从欧洲群山出发,一路延伸到希腊、土耳其,最后抵达新西兰,带回大量种子试种。园地以外的友情链接里,也保留着他熟悉的欧洲与北美同业站点,包括苏黎世附近的 Alpigena、比利时 Jozef Lemmens、加拿大魁北克 SPARQ-QARGS 等。
四季景致
园子里的景致按季节轮替:早春由雪滴花与番红花铺满草甸,接着是矮鸢尾 ‘Katharine Hodgkin’ 与希腊仙客来混生;夏季高山植物在 frame 中孕育,只有岩须与长生草之类的少数品种能撑过维也纳的烈日;秋天水仙莲与秋番红花接力登场,30 年前种下的 10 株 Sternbergia 至今仍在角落抽花。这个小园用极有限的面积承载一位退休公务员半生的爱好,网站本身也作为一位植物学家家人的念想被留下来。
Origin and Custodianship
Franz Hadacek’s Alpines and Bulbs is a personal memorial website kept by the family of Franz Hadacek, a retired Viennese civil servant and amateur botanist who spent more than four decades trying to grow alpines and bulbs in a small private garden in Vienna, Austria. Franz passed away from pneumonia at home; his son and daughter-in-law are both botanists, and his grandson Stefan Hoerandl became a plant science researcher. The site has not been updated since a small revision on 5 February 2017.
The Vienna Plot and Frame Method
The garden sits on a small hill in the south of Vienna, a 500 square metre rectangle within USDA hardiness zone 6. Summers are hot, winters often lack snow cover, the annual rainfall is about 600 to 650 mm, and the driest months are July and August, with vineyards not far away. Rather than build an alpine house, which would not protect plants through Vienna’s hot summers, Franz relied on a series of open frames with plastic roofs that shaded against hailstorms and summer rain while shielding bulbs from winter ice and giving him better control of moisture.
Alpines and Bulbs on Site
The frame beds concentrate on plants that stay below ten centimetres in height. Alpine species cultivated from seed include Androsace, Primula clusiana, Gentiana clusii, Saxifraga longifolia, Lewisia rediviva and Raoulia eximia. Bulbs are grown both inside frames and out in the meadow: Colchicum, Crocus, Cyclamen coum, Sternbergia sicula, Dracunculus muscivorus, Eranthis hyemalis, Galanthus and the historic iris ‘Katharine Hodgkin’ all feature, and many autumn crocuses have escaped from the frames to colonise the surrounding lawn.
Societies and Plant-hunting Travels
Franz was a member of four international alpine plant societies: the Alpine Garden Society, the Scottish Rock Garden Club, the Saxifraga Society and the Androsace Group. Over decades his plant-hunting travels took him across the European mountains, through Greece and Turkey, and finally to New Zealand. The links page he left behind lists familiar names in the European alpine network, including the Alpigena Saxifraga nursery in the Netherlands, Jozef Lemmens in Belgium, the Quebec Alpine and Rock Garden Society, and several personal collectors in Greece, Sweden, the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
A Year in the Garden
The garden keeps a steady seasonal rhythm. Late winter brings Galanthus and Eranthis in the meadow, followed by Iris ‘Katharine Hodgkin’ and self-sown Cyclamen coum. Summer is reserved for the higher alpines that survive the heat in their frames, including Raoulia eximia from Mount Hutt in New Zealand and Colchicum speciosum collected near the Zigana Pass in Turkey. By autumn, Colchicum ‘Waterlily’ and Sternbergia take over, and the ten Sternbergia bulbs planted thirty years ago still flower at the foot of the boulders. A modest rectangle of ground, kept going by a retired civil servant, now survives as a small family archive.
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