日本 花园词典 Japanese Garden Dictionary – 日本庭园学术资源平台

编纂起源与学术背景

日本花园词典是面向日式庭园及其历史研究的双语术语资源，最初来源于日本学术振兴会科学研究费补助金基础研究 C2 类项目（课题编号 10660040）所产出的《Bilingual [Japanese & English] Dictionary of Japanese Garden Terms》。该项目由奈良县内的国立文化财机构奈良文化财研究所文化财部的研究人员小野健吉担任研究代表，天理大学外籍学者 Walter Edwards 为研究成员，于 21 世纪初结项出版。

词条结构与双语对照

在线辞书按英语条目与日语条目分别建立索引，每条按”英文术语／日文汉字假名／罗马字”三栏对照排列，并以约 45 处的箭头符号将别名或同义表述指向其标准词条。英语索引页收录约 700 余条术语，日语索引页收录约 670 余条术语，两栏通过共同罗马字相互引用，构成可双向检索的术语体系，方便读者以任一语种为入口查证对应概念。

收录主题与文化覆盖

收录范围覆盖庭园构成要素、意匠手法、历史人物与名园实例四个层面：构成要素包括各种石灯笼、蹲踞、筑山、枯瀑、池泉、舟石、桥挟石等庭石与水石构件；意匠手法涵盖借景、枯山水、枯滝、阴阴阳石、遣水、侘寂等美学概念；历史人物与流派包括足利义政、足利义满、梦窗疎石、善阿弥等造园大家与庭园门派；名园实例囊括毛越寺庭园、无量光院庭园、无邻庵庭园、养翠园、向岛百花园等日本代表性古典庭园。

在线版本与维护机构

在线版本由独立行政法人国立文化财机构奈良文化财研究所文化财部持续维护，旨在将原书英文内容更广泛地公开。其实体出版物《日本庭園辞典》由岩波书店于 2004 年发行，词条经小野健吉改编并扩充日文释义后形成完整日文词典，与本在线版形成互为参照的姊妹文本。词条以外的内容仅设有英文与日文两个索引入口，整体结构简洁，可作为庭园史学与日式造园研究者的入门检索工具。

学术用途与引用方式

站点首页以联系表单为唯一对外通信渠道，词条与释义均明示作者署名与著作权归属。自 2010 年起，除英语与日语索引页外不再增加新页面，研究者如需在论著中引用，应优先依从原书《Bilingual [Japanese & English] Dictionary of Japanese Garden Terms》或岩波版《日本庭園辞典》的版本信息，并在脚注中说明所参考的在线版本与访问日期。由于资源长期保持稳定与开放，对日式庭园术语翻译、造园史课程与文化遗产解说文本撰写均具有持续的参考价值。

Editorial Origin and Academic Background

Japanese Garden Dictionary is a bilingual terminological resource for Japanese gardens and the study of their history. It derives from the project “Bilingual [Japanese & English] Dictionary of Japanese Garden Terms,” funded under the Ministry of Education Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research, category “Basic Research C2” (grant No. 10660040). The project was directed by ONO Kenkichi of the Department of Cultural Heritage, Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties, with Walter Edwards of Tenri University as project member; the volume was published in the early 2000s.

Entry Structure and Bilingual Cross-Reference

The online edition maintains two parallel indexes—one rendering entries in English, the other in Japanese. Each entry is laid out in three columns: English term, kanji/kana, and romanization. Cross-references are rendered with around 45 arrow markers, redirecting alternate or synonymous forms to their canonical entry. The English index contains approximately 700 entries, while the Japanese index contains approximately 670 entries; the two lists share romanization keys, allowing either language to serve as a valid entry point for terminological lookup.

Subject Coverage and Cultural Scope

Coverage spans four principal domains: compositional elements, design idioms, historical figures and schools, and celebrated garden sites. The compositional inventory includes stone and water features such as ishidōrō lanterns, tsukubai basins, tsukiyama hills, kare-taki dry cascades, sensui ponds, funa-ishi boat stones, and hashibasami-ishi bridge-anchoring stones. The aesthetic lexicon covers borrowed scenery (shakkei), karesansui dry landscapes, kare-taki, yin-yang stones, yarimizu watercourses, and the wabi-sabi sensibility. Historical figures and lineage include Ashikaga Yoshimasa, Ashikaga Yoshimitsu, Musō Soseki, and Zen’ami; representative gardens include Mōtsūji, Muryōkōin, Murin’an, Yōsuien, and Mukōjima Hyakkaen.

Online Edition and Maintaining Institution

The online edition is maintained by the Department of Cultural Heritage of the Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties, an Independent Administrative Institution member of the National Institutes for Cultural Heritage. Its print counterpart, Nihon teien jiten, was issued by Iwanami Shoten in 2004, with ONO Kenkichi expanding the Japanese-language entries and definitions to form a complete Japanese-language dictionary. The site presents only the English and Japanese index pages; aside from these two entry points, no additional navigation is offered, giving the resource a deliberately minimalist public interface.

Academic Use and Citation Practice

The home page provides a single contact form for inquiries; entries and definitions carry explicit authorial attribution and copyright. Since 2010 no new pages have been added to the site. Scholars citing the work in publications should follow the bibliographic conventions of the original print volumes—either the bilingual 2001 reference or the 2004 Iwanami Shoten edition—and note the online version consulted together with the date of access. The stability and openness of the resource make it a continuing reference for translators of Japanese garden terminology, instructors in landscape history, and authors preparing cultural-heritage interpretation texts.

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