历史沿革
密苏里植物园(Missouri Botanical Garden)由英国移民亨利·肖(Henry Shaw)于1859年创立,位于密苏里州圣路易斯市。肖于1819年迁居圣路易斯,1850年开始规划建设植物园,1855年正式启动施工。植物园创建至今已有160余年历史,是美国历史最悠久的植物园之一,1976年被指定为美国国家历史地标。植物园也被称为”肖氏花园”(Shaw’s Garden)。亨利·肖于1889年去世,将温室建筑捐献给市政府。
特色园区
密苏里植物园占地79英亩,园内设有多个特色园区:
- 日本花园(Seiwa-en Japanese Garden):建于1977年,占地14英亩,是北美最大的日本花园。园内设有一个4英亩的中央湖泊,由建筑师河野孝正(Koichi Kawana)设计,是典型的枯山水庭院。
- 英国 Woodland 花园:1976年开放,种植有乌头、杜鹃、蓝铃花、四照花、玉簪和三叶草等林地植物。
- 中国友谊花园(Grigg Nanjing Friendship Chinese Garden):1995年建成,设有月门、荷门、亭台及来自南京的太湖石,为圣路易斯友好城市南京的礼物。
- 克莱马特龙温室(Climatron):1960年开放,是世界上最早的网格球顶温室之一,由建筑师托马斯·霍华德(Thomas C. Howard)设计。温室模拟低地雨林气候,种植约1500种植物。
- 林奈温室(Linnean House):1882年建成,原为肖氏橘园,1930年代末改为种植山茶花。
- 格莱德尼玫瑰园(Gladney Rose Garden):1915年开放的圆形玫瑰花园,设有花架。
- 德国花园(Strassenfest German Garden):2000年建成,种植德国及中欧原生植物,并设有植物学家乔治·恩格尔曼(George Engelmann)的半身像。
科研与数据库
密苏里植物园是世界顶尖的植物研究机构。园内设有的植物标本馆(Herbarium)收藏超过750万份标本,是北美第二大植物标本馆,仅次于纽约植物园。彼得·H·雷文图书馆(Peter H. Raven Library)收藏超过16万种植物分类学文献,覆盖了85%以上已发表的植物分类学文献资料。
园区运营的TROPICOS数据库是世界上最大的植物数据库之一,收录超过120万种植物名称、410万份标本记录及超过20万张植物图片。此外,密苏里植物园还与英国皇家植物园(邱园)合作创建了《植物名录》(The Plant List),收录了104万种植物学名,其中29.89万种为被认可接受的物种名称,涵盖620个科和16167个属。
关联机构
密苏里植物园在美国境内还管理两个附属机构:位于切斯特菲尔德(Chesterfield)福斯特公园的索菲亚·M·萨克斯蝴蝶馆(Sophia M. Sachs Butterfly House),成立于1995年,设有8000平方英尺的室内蝴蝶温室,展示了来自全世界60余种自由飞翔的蝴蝶;以及位于格雷萨米特(Gray Summit)的肖氏自然保留地(Shaw Nature Reserve),占地2400英亩,建于1925年,最初用于在工业烟雾污染时期保护植物园植物收藏,现已发展成为重要的教育、研究和生态修复基地。
2017年,密苏里植物园与圣路易斯动物园及华盛顿大学圣路易斯分校共同创立了”活体地球合作组织”(Living Earth Collaborative),致力于研究人类如何保护植物、动物和微生物赖以生存的自然环境。
文化活动
植物园每年举办多场文化活动,包括日本节(Japanese Festival)、中华文化日(Chinese Culture Days)、惠特克音乐节(Whitaker Music Festival,夏季周三晚间免费音乐会)、圣诞季Garden Glow灯光展,以及十月啤酒节Fest-of-Ale等。
网址:https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/
History
The Missouri Botanical Garden was founded in 1859 by Henry Shaw, a British immigrant who came to St. Louis in 1819. Shaw began developing the garden on his own land in 1850, with construction starting in 1855 and the garden officially opening to the public in 1859. With over 160 years of continuous operation, it is one of the oldest botanical gardens in the United States and was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1976. The garden is also informally known as Shaw’s Garden. Upon his death in 1889, Shaw donated the conservatory to the city of St. Louis.
Garden Highlights
Spanning 79 acres, the Missouri Botanical Garden features a diverse collection of specialty gardens:
- Seiwa-en Japanese Garden: Established in 1977 on 14 acres, it is the largest Japanese garden in North America. The garden centers on a 4-acre lake and was designed by architect Koichi Kawana in the traditional karesansui (dry landscape) style.
- English Woodland Garden: Opened in 1976, featuring aconite, azaleas, bluebells, dogwoods, hosta, and trillium beneath the tree canopy.
- Grigg Nanjing Friendship Chinese Garden: Completed in 1995, featuring a moon gate, lotus gate, pavilion, and scholar’s rocks from Lake Tai — gifts from St. Louis’s sister city Nanjing.
- Climatron Greenhouse: Opened in 1960 as one of the world’s first geodesic greenhouses, designed by architect Thomas C. Howard. The Climatron simulates a lowland rainforest climate and houses approximately 1,500 plant species.
- Linnean House: Built in 1882 originally as Shaw’s orangery, converted in the late 1930s to house primarily camellias.
- Gladney Rose Garden: A circular rose garden with arbors, opened in 1915.
- Strassenfest German Garden: Established in 2000, showcasing flora native to Germany and Central Europe, including a bust of botanist George Engelmann, Shaw’s scientific advisor.
Research and Databases
The Missouri Botanical Garden is a world-renowned botanical research institution. Its herbarium holds over 7.5 million specimens, making it the second largest in North America, after the New York Botanical Garden. The Peter H. Raven Library contains more than 160,300 items of plant taxonomic literature, covering 85% of all publications ever produced in systematic botany.
The garden operates TROPICOS, one of the world’s largest plant databases, with records of over 1.2 million plant names, 4.1 million specimen records, and more than 200,000 plant images. The garden also collaborated with the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew to create The Plant List, a comprehensive enumeration of botanical nomenclature including 1,040,426 scientific plant names of species rank, of which 298,900 are accepted species names across 620 families and 16,167 genera.
Related Institutions
The Missouri Botanical Garden manages two additional facilities: the Sophia M. Sachs Butterfly House in Chesterfield’s Faust Park, established in 1995, features an 8,000-square-foot glass conservatory home to over 60 species of the world’s most beautiful free-flying butterflies; and the Shaw Nature Reserve in Gray Summit, Missouri, covering 2,400 acres, originally established in 1925 to protect plant collections from St. Louis’s industrial smoke pollution, now serving as a premier site for education, research, and habitat restoration.
In September 2017, the Missouri Botanical Garden partnered with the St. Louis Zoo and Washington University in St. Louis to establish the Living Earth Collaborative, dedicated to understanding how humans can help preserve the varied natural environments that sustain plants, animals, and microbes.
Cultural Events
The garden hosts numerous annual cultural events, including the Japanese Festival (featuring sumo wrestling, taiko drumming, koma-mawashi top spinning, and kimono fashion shows), Chinese Culture Days, the Whitaker Music Festival (free Wednesday night concerts in summer), the Garden Glow holiday light show, and Fest-of-Ale in October.









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