园林前身与两百年的家族经营
特伦堡公园与树木园 Trompenburg Tuinen & Arboretum 位于荷兰鹿特丹市东侧 Kralingen 区的边缘，地处 Honingerdijk 一带，紧邻市中心。其前身是一处约两百年前在沼泽地上兴建的小型乡间庄园，地块由三条宽约 45 米、长约 350 米的狭长用地组成，中央地块按英式风景园风格布置，两侧仍留作草甸。1850 年，祖籍英国、当时在鹿特丹经营航运业的 James Smith 购入这片地产；1870 年左右，他委托当时荷兰知名的景观建筑师 Jan David Zocher 将西园按英式风景园重新布局，加入蜿蜒步道、水景与多株大型观赏树木。James Smith 之子 William 在 1900 年沿东侧种下一条榆树大道，后因荷兰榆树病几乎全部被移除。
系统化植物收藏与树木学贡献
1919 年 James Smith 之孙 James van Hoey Smith 接手园林后，从 1928 年起每年向德国 Hesse、法国 Vilmorin 等欧洲一流苗圃订购大量苗木，逐步奠定树木园收藏的科学框架，奠定基础的是栎属（Quercus）、山毛榉属（Fagus）和杜鹃花属（Rhododendron）等木本植物。其子 J.R.P. van Hoey Smith 在 1950 年接任后继续扩大收藏，将杜鹃花扩充至八百余种与杂交品种，并系统整理了鹿角蕨、栎树、山毛榉、冬青、玉簪等专科收藏。目前园内栽培植物超过四千种，主要收藏已成为荷兰植物收藏 NPC（Nederlandse Plantencollecties）的组成部分，相关数据可在园方在线数据库中查阅。
沙漠温室、餐饮与园区服务
园区面积约八公顷，地块整体呈南北向狭长形态，南部紧邻鹿特丹市中心，北端靠近 Kralingse Plas 湖区。园中除英式风景园风格的传统区域外，还设有一座颇具规模的沙漠温室，集中陈列各类仙人掌与多肉植物，其中包括由 van Hoey Smith 家族自二十世纪初从加那利群岛引入并持续扩繁的专科收藏。园区入口设有一处名为 Flora 的茶馆餐厅，附设露台，可供访客点用咖啡或简餐；入口建筑内还有一间小型鸟舍、一处陈列园艺书籍与读物的休息区，以及一间销售园艺用品的小型商店。
运营机构与教育研究职能
1956 年，特伦堡由 van Hoey Smith 家族与鹿特丹 Volkskracht 基金会共同组建 Stichting Trompenburg Tuinen & Arboretum 接管；1958 年，鹿特丹市政府正式购入这块土地，园区同步对公众开放；1970 年起获得市政当局的长期支持。2008 年，机构在原有 Arboretum Trompenburg 名称之外，正式启用 Trompenburg Tuinen & Arboretum 这一完整名称。自 2014 年起，基金会按文化类 ANBI（algemeen nut beogende instelling，公益机构）身份在荷兰税务部门登记，登记号 RSIN 002769098。园方与鹿特丹当地高校、自然教育机构保持合作，定期开放科研与教学实习机会，年访客量约十万四千人次（截至 2024 年）。
开放信息与可持续参观方式
园区位于鹿特丹 Kralingen 区边缘，从市区多条公交线路均可抵达；自驾可在 Honingerdijk 一带的访客停车区停放。园区全年开放，旺季周末及公众假期延长开放时间并安排绿向导（groengids）带领的主题步行讲解，秋冬季以「秋日交响：叶、果与花」（Herfstsymfonie: blad, vrucht en bloem）等系列为主，介绍园中落叶、果实与当季花卉。访客请注意园内仅接受 PIN 与银行卡支付、不收现金。园区附设年票制度与 Friends of Trompenburg 会员项目，年度捐款支持园方在树木保护、本土植物保育与公众教育方面的工作；详细票务、开放时间与活动安排以官方页面公布为准。
Estate Origins and Two Centuries of Family Stewardship
Trompenburg Tuinen & Arboretum lies on the eastern edge of Rotterdam’s Kralingen district, along Honingerdijk and a short walk from the city centre. The site began as a small country estate laid out roughly two hundred years ago on reclaimed marshland, on three narrow strips of land each around 45 metres wide and 350 metres long; the central strip was designed as an English-style landscape garden while the flanking strips remained meadows. In 1850 the property was bought by James Smith, a Rotterdam-based shipowner of English descent; around 1870 he commissioned the leading Dutch landscape architect Jan David Zocher to redesign the western plot in the English style, adding winding paths, water features and specimen trees. His son William planted an elm-lined avenue along the eastern edge in 1900, later largely lost to Dutch elm disease.
Systematic Plant Collections and Dendrological Work
From 1919 James van Hoey Smith took over the garden, and from 1928 onwards he ordered plants every year from Hesse in Germany, Vilmorin in France and other European nurseries, laying the scientific groundwork that defines the arboretum today. The core collections are oaks (Quercus), beeches (Fagus), hollies (Ilex), rhododendrons, hostas and succulents, with more than four thousand plant species now grown on site. His son J.R.P. van Hoey Smith expanded the rhododendron collection to over eight hundred species and hybrids, and continued building the specialist collections of staghorn ferns (Platycerium), oaks, beeches and hollies. Several of these collections are registered as part of the Nederlandse Plantencollecties (NPC), the Dutch national plant-collection scheme, and the database is published online.
Desert Glasshouse, Dining and Visitor Facilities
The garden covers about eight hectares and runs roughly north–south, with the southern end close to central Rotterdam and the northern end near Kralingse Plas lake. Besides the traditional English-style landscape areas, the garden features a sizeable desert glasshouse holding a specialist collection of cacti and succulents, much of it built up by the van Hoey Smith family from material first brought from the Canary Islands in the early twentieth century. At the main entrance the Tuinrestaurant Flora serves coffee, light lunches and afternoon drinks on a covered terrace; the entrance building also houses a small aviary, a quiet reading corner with gardening books and a small shop selling horticultural goods.
Foundation Status and Educational Mission
In 1956 the Stichting Trompenburg Tuinen & Arboretum was established jointly by the van Hoey Smith family and the Rotterdam-based Volkskracht foundation; in 1958 the City of Rotterdam acquired the property and the garden opened to the public, with municipal financial support following from 1970. In 2008 the long-standing name Arboretum Trompenburg was expanded to Trompenburg Tuinen & Arboretum to reflect the site’s combined botanical garden and arboretum role. Since 2014 the foundation has been registered with the Dutch tax authorities as a cultural ANBI (algemeen nut beogende instelling, public-benefit organisation), under RSIN 002769098. The garden maintains teaching links with Rotterdam-area universities and natural-history organisations, hosts research placements and welcomes around 104,000 visitors a year.
Visiting, Sustainability and Member Support
The garden is on the edge of the Kralingen district, well served by Rotterdam city buses and easily reached on foot from central Rotterdam; bicycle parking and a visitor car park are available along Honingerdijk. The garden is open year-round, with extended hours and themed guided walks on peak weekends and public holidays, the autumn series Herfstsymfonie: blad, vrucht en bloem being a long-running favourite. Visitors should note that the site operates on a PIN-and-card-only basis and does not accept cash. An annual walking card and the Friends of Trompenburg membership programme support the foundation’s work in tree conservation, native-plant propagation and public education; current opening hours, ticket prices and events are listed on the official website.
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