欧洲欧洲景观公约 Council of Europe – 欧洲景观保护管理合作机制

公约源起与起草背景

《欧洲景观公约》由欧洲委员会下属的区域与地方当局大会（CLRAE）于 1994 年首次提议起草，工作组由 Cristiana Storelli、Pierre Hitier、François Paour 几任主席轮替主持，由 Riccardo Priore 协调，成员包括 Régis Ambroise、Michael Dower、Bengt Johansson、Yves Luginbuhl、Michel Prieur、Florencio Zoido-Naranjo 等专家。

适用范围与三大核心概念

公约首次把欧洲景观纳入”全境”视野，覆盖自然、乡村、城市与城市边缘地带，兼顾经典景观与日常甚至退化景观，并给出保护、管理、规划三类干预手段的清晰定义，强调地方居民与游客的共同感知是景观的根基。

缔约方与生效里程碑

公约 2000 年 7 月 19 日在斯特拉斯堡由欧洲委员会部长委员会通过，同年 10 月 20 日在意大利佛罗伦萨开放签署，2004 年 3 月 1 日正式生效（欧洲委员会第 176 号条约），2016 年通过的修订议定书（CETS No. 219）进一步确认缔约方之间的合作框架。

实施机制与景观奖

为鼓励地方落地，公约第 11 条设立”欧洲委员会景观奖”，由部长委员会按双年度授予在景观保护、管理或规划方面持续有效的地方与区域政府、非政府组织或跨境联合体，并配套景观奖联盟（Landscape Award Alliance）汇集历届范例与国家级遴选论坛供各国交流。

与欧洲委员会其他公约协同

公约与欧洲委员会既有自然遗产保护框架相互补足，与文化、遗产与景观指导委员会（CDCPP）共同推动政策实施，并通过雷克雅未克宣言等部长级文件把景观议题纳入人权、民主与可持续发展议程，目前缔约方已增至 40 国。

官网：https://www.coe.int/en/web/landscape/

Origins and Drafting Background

The Convention was first proposed in 1994 by the Congress of Local and Regional Authorities of the Council of Europe (CLRAE). A working group chaired successively by Cristiana Storelli, Pierre Hitier and François Paour, coordinated by Riccardo Priore, brought together experts Régis Ambroise, Michael Dower, Bengt Johansson, Yves Luginbuhl, Michel Prieur and Florencio Zoido-Naranjo, who prepared the draft consulted at the Florence conference from 2 to 4 April 1998.

Scope and Three Core Concepts

It was the first international treaty to apply to the entire territory of its parties, covering natural, rural, urban and peri-urban areas and treating outstanding, everyday and degraded landscapes as equally worthy of attention. Article 1 defines landscape protection, management and planning as three complementary forms of public intervention, all rooted in how local inhabitants and visitors perceive their surroundings.

Parties and Entry into Force

Adopted by the Committee of Ministers on 19 July 2000 in Strasbourg and opened for signature in Florence on 20 October 2000, the Convention (ETS No. 176) entered into force on 1 March 2004 after the tenth ratification. A 2016 Protocol (CETS No. 219) refined the cooperation framework and has since been ratified by a growing number of states, with 40 Council of Europe members party to the original Convention.

Implementation Mechanism and the Landscape Award

Article 11 establishes the Landscape Award of the Council of Europe, conferred biennially by the Committee of Ministers on local and regional authorities, their groupings, or non-governmental organisations whose policies or measures to protect, manage or plan their landscape have proven lasting and exemplary. The Landscape Award Alliance and the National Selections Forum gather the awarded initiatives and national shortlists to share practice across Europe.

Coherence with Other Council of Europe Instruments

The Convention complements the Council of Europe’s other heritage and environment instruments, such as the Bern Convention on European Wildlife and Natural Habitats, and is steered together with the Steering Committee for Culture, Heritage and Landscape (CDCPP). Reykjavik Declaration Appendix 5 places landscape within the Organisation’s wider agenda on values, democracy and sustainable development, while a current working group is preparing a report and recommendation on landscape and health.

Official Site: https://www.coe.int/en/web/landscape/