美国 国家农药信息中心 – 提供农药及农药相关主题信息帮助做出知情决策

美国国家农药信息中心（National Pesticide Information Center，简称 NPIC）是俄勒冈州立大学与美国环境保护局（US EPA）之间的合作项目，提供客观、科学、以证据为基础的农药及农药相关主题信息，使公众能够就家庭、园艺、农业及环境保护中的农药使用做出知情决策。中心服务覆盖健康与环境、病虫害防治、农药产品检索、农药事故报告以及中毒急救等多类常见需求，并通过其在线检索工具 NPRO（Pesticide Product Information）公开访问美国联邦登记农药产品数据库。

历史沿革与组织归属

NPIC 自 1995 年起作为俄勒冈州立大学的官方农药信息中心运行，是该大学与 US EPA 之间通过合作协议（当前协议编号 X8-84067801）联合资助的项目，办公地点位于俄勒冈州科瓦利斯（Corvallis, Oregon）。中心由农药学专家及经过培训的农药专员组成，工作时间通过免费电话、电子邮件以及在线聊天为公众、医护人员、监管人员以及媒体提供答疑支持，所有答复均基于公开的科学文献与监管信息，不替代农药产品标签及州级监管要求。

核心职责与农药产品检索

NPIC 的核心公共服务之一是其线上检索工具 NPRO，可按有效成分、有害生物、使用场所、剂型、毒性信号词等多个维度对联邦登记农药产品进行组合检索，目前涵盖超过 411,000 件产品信息，所有数据均来源于美国 EPA 农药项目办公室（OPP）的公开数据库，每周更新一次。所有公开信息都不替代产品标签——”标签就是法律（The label is the law）”是 NPIC 与 EPA 共同强调的首要原则。

教育资源与社区科普

NPIC 围绕健康与环境、有害生物识别、综合虫害管理（IPM）、农药事故与急救、部落地区农药监管五大主题持续发布科普文章、教学讲义、可下载的事实清单与多媒体材料，鼓励使用者通过了解有害生物的生物学特性、设置行动阈值、优先采用非化学或低风险控制手段等步骤减少农药依赖。中心还与 Entomological Society of America、eXtension.org、BIRC、IPM Institute 以及 USDA、EPA 等机构共同推广 IPM 理念。

合作网络与年报资料

NPIC 与 US EPA、各州农药监管机构、急救中心、动物中毒救助热线、部落环境保护办公室以及多所赠地大学保持合作关系，并定期发布关于农药中毒诊断、宠物中毒处置、泄漏应急、野生动物暴露处理以及灾后减少农药风险的事实清单与年度报告。中心公开的年度通讯与推广材料可通过 outreach.html 资源页免费下载，便于家庭园艺爱好者、学校教师以及地方推广机构二次传播。

The National Pesticide Information Center (NPIC) is a cooperative program between Oregon State University and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency that delivers objective, science-based information about pesticides and pesticide-related topics to help people make informed decisions about pesticide use in homes, gardens, agriculture, and environmental protection. The center organizes its public resources around six major themes — health and the environment, pest identification and control, pesticide product lookup, pesticide incidents, emergencies, and tribal pesticide regulation — and publishes NPRO, an online retrieval tool that mirrors the EPA Office of Pesticide Programs data.

History and Organizational Affiliation

NPIC has been housed at Oregon State University in Corvallis, Oregon since 1995, operated under a cooperative agreement (current identifier X8-84067801) between the university and the U.S. EPA. The center is staffed by trained pesticide specialists who answer questions from the general public, health-care providers, regulators, and the media by phone, email, and online chat during published business hours, drawing exclusively on publicly available peer-reviewed science and federal regulatory information rather than substituting for the pesticide product label or any state regulatory requirement.

Core Services and the NPRO Product Database

The National Pesticide Retrieval Online (NPRO) tool is NPIC’s flagship public service: a searchable database of federally registered pesticide products that supports filtering by active ingredient, target pest, use site, formulation type, and toxicity signal word, currently covering more than 411,000 product records whose underlying data are sourced from the EPA Office of Pesticide Programs and refreshed approximately weekly. Throughout its resources the center reinforces the principle that “the label is the law” — NPRO is positioned as a research aid, never as a replacement for the binding product label.

Educational Resources and Community Outreach

NPIC maintains a sustained publishing program across the themes of human and animal health, pesticide ingredients and products, pest biology, integrated pest management (IPM), pesticide incidents, emergencies, and tribal pesticide regulation. Its teaching materials, downloadable fact sheets, and multimedia content promote an IPM decision cycle of identifying pests, learning their biology, setting action thresholds, exhausting non-chemical options first, and only then considering registered pesticide products — an approach it shares with the Entomological Society of America, eXtension.org, BIRC, the IPM Institute, USDA, and the EPA.

Partner Network and Annual Reports

NPIC coordinates with the U.S. EPA, state pesticide regulatory agencies, regional Poison Control Centers, animal poison-control hotlines, tribal environmental offices, and multiple land-grant universities to deliver consistent pesticide information nationwide. The center publishes annual outreach materials, fact sheets on poisoning treatment, pet exposure, spill response, wildlife incidents, and post-disaster risk reduction, all of which are freely available from its outreach page for home gardeners, classroom teachers, extension agents, and local public-health partners.

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