美国 北卡罗来纳州扩展综合虫害治理计划 – 害虫综合管理、生物防治与可持续农业研究

“美国北卡罗来纳州扩展综合虫害治理计划” The North Carolina Extension IPM Program 是美国农业部国家粮食与农业研究所 (USDA NIFA)、北卡罗来纳州合作推广服务、北卡罗来纳州立大学 (NC State University) 以及北卡罗来纳农业技术州立大学 (N.C. A&T State University) 联合开展的综合虫害治理 (Integrated Pest Management, IPM) 项目。该计划还与位于罗利市北卡罗来纳州立大学的南方 IPM 中心 (Southern IPM Center) 合作，在北卡罗莱纳州以及美国东南部地区推广 IPM。北卡罗来纳州扩展 IPM 计划的重点是通过信息传递、有害生物监测和数据管理、评估与需求评估工具开发，以及扩大全州 IPM 影响的拓展项目，向利益相关方和社区成员提供 IPM 内容。IPM 是一种可持续的有害生物管理方法，融合预防、回避、监测与压制等多种手段，最大限度降低公众健康、经济和环境层面的风险。

历史沿革与组织归属

北卡罗来纳州扩展 IPM 计划源于 USDA NIFA 资助的州立推广 IPM 体系，是北卡罗来纳州合作推广服务下设的旗舰性 IPM 项目。该计划由北卡罗来纳州合作推广服务主任指定的 IPM 协调员领导，并设有咨询委员会 (Advisory Board) 与若干工作组提供决策支持。北卡罗来纳州合作推广服务是 NC State University 与 N.C. A&T State University 共同组成的战略合作伙伴，在全州 100 个县以及切罗基印第安人东部部落 (Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians) 均设有地方办事处，IPM 工作由此网络向田间地头延伸。

研究方向与重点应用领域

北卡罗来纳州扩展 IPM 计划围绕 10 余类作物与场景展开研究与推广，包括圣诞树 (Christmas Trees)、大田作物 (Field Crops)、果树与坚果 (Fruit & Nuts)、苗圃与观赏植物 (Nursery & Ornamentals)、家禽与家畜 (Poultry & Livestock)、公共卫生 (Public Health)、草坪 (Turfgrass)、蔬菜 (Vegetable Crops)、传粉昆虫 (Pollinators)、生态农业与有机生产 (Ecological Agriculture & Organic Production) 等领域。在资源与方法层面，IPM 计划整合了有害生物决策辅助工具 (Pest Decision Aids)、IPM 天气模型 (IPM Weather and Pest Models)、有害生物战略性管理计划 (PMSP)、作物概况 (Crop Profiles)、化学农药信息 (Pesticide Information) 与统计及市场报告 (Statistics & Market Reports) 等多种资源。

教育推广与人才培养

北卡罗来纳州扩展 IPM 计划的核心使命是把研究端的 IPM 技术及时交付给全州不同地区的利益相关方。网站常年发布观赏植物、农作物、水果的 IPM 方案、虫害新闻、有害生物警报、技术指南、IPM 资源、害虫咨询、昆虫陷阱数据、天气、植物病害与昆虫诊所动态以及出版物等丰富内容。植物病害与昆虫诊所 (Plant Disease and Insect Clinic) 为生产者提供专业的诊断服务，年度化学品手册 (2026 北卡罗来纳农业化学品手册) 是化学防治的关键参考。

主要成果与社会影响

北卡罗来纳州扩展 IPM 计划作为全州 IPM 工作的协调中心，通过整合 NC State University 与 N.C. A&T State University 两所赠地大学 (Land-grant University) 的师资与渠道，构建起从研究到田间的完整推广链条。计划与南方 IPM 中心、USDA NIFA 以及美国东南部各州保持紧密合作，2024 年 SERA3 项目年度报告展示了害虫综合管理、生物防治与可持续农业的研究进展。该计划还通过 Southern Appalachian Apples、Cotton、Soybeans、Corn、Tobacco Growers Information、Extension Plant Pathology 等专题渠道发布周期性新闻，覆盖果园害虫监测、大豆锈病预警、玉米害虫预警、烟草生产建议等具体场景，是北卡罗莱纳州乃至美国东南部可持续农业的关键支撑力量。

The North Carolina Extension IPM Program is a collaborative Integrated Pest Management (IPM) initiative jointly run by the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s National Institute of Food and Agriculture (USDA NIFA), the North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service, North Carolina State University (NC State University), and North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University (N.C. A&T State University). The program also partners with the Southern IPM Center, housed at NC State University in Raleigh, to extend IPM practices throughout North Carolina and across the southeastern United States. The North Carolina Extension IPM Program focuses on delivering IPM content to stakeholders and community members through information dissemination, pest monitoring and data management, evaluation and needs assessment tool development, and programs that expand statewide IPM impact. IPM is a sustainable approach to managing pests that integrates prevention, avoidance, monitoring, and suppression in ways that minimize public health, economic, and environmental risks.

History and Organizational Affiliation

The North Carolina Extension IPM Program originated from the USDA NIFA-funded state IPM extension system and serves as a flagship IPM initiative under the North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service. The program is led by an IPM Coordinator designated by the Director of the North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service, with strategic guidance from an Advisory Board and several working groups. The North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service is a strategic partnership between NC State University and N.C. A&T State University that staffs local offices in all 100 counties of North Carolina and with the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians, extending IPM programming through this grassroots network into the field.

Research Directions and Key Application Areas

The North Carolina Extension IPM Program conducts research and extension across more than 10 crop and setting categories, including Christmas Trees, Field Crops, Fruit & Nuts, Nursery & Ornamentals, Poultry & Livestock, Public Health, Turfgrass, Vegetable Crops, Pollinators, and Ecological Agriculture & Organic Production. At the resource and methodology level, the program integrates Pest Decision Aids, IPM Weather and Pest Models, Pest Management Strategic Plans (PMSPs), Crop Profiles, Pesticide Information, and Statistics & Market Reports to support evidence-based decision-making by growers and extension agents.

Education, Extension, and Workforce Development

The core mission of the North Carolina Extension IPM Program is to deliver research-based IPM technology in a timely manner to stakeholders in all regions of the state. The website maintains an extensive content library of IPM solutions for ornamentals, agronomic crops, and fruits, along with pest news, pest alerts, technical guides, IPM resources, pest consultations, insect trap data, weather, plant disease and insect clinic updates, and publications. The Plant Disease and Insect Clinic provides professional diagnostic services to producers, while the annual North Carolina Agricultural Chemicals Manual (2026 edition) remains a key reference for chemical control decision-making.

Outcomes and Broader Societal Impact

As the coordinating hub for statewide IPM work, the North Carolina Extension IPM Program integrates the faculty and extension networks of NC State University and N.C. A&T State University — the state’s two land-grant universities — into a complete research-to-field delivery chain. The program maintains close collaboration with the Southern IPM Center, USDA NIFA, and southeastern U.S. states; the 2024 SERA3 project annual report documents progress in integrated pest management, biological control, and sustainable agriculture. The program also publishes periodic news through topical channels including Southern Appalachian Apples, Cotton, Soybeans, Corn, Tobacco Growers Information, and Extension Plant Pathology, covering orchard pest monitoring, soybean rust alerts, corn pest forecasting, tobacco production advisories, and similar scenarios, making it a key pillar of sustainable agriculture in North Carolina and the broader southeastern United States.

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