Deutsches Gartenbaumuseum Erfurt (DGBM, 德国园艺博物馆) 位于德国中部图林根州 (Thüringen) 首府埃尔福特 (Erfurt) 市内的 egapark 中, 馆址设在历史悠久的赛里亚克堡 (Cyriaksburg) 主楼——原为 1825/26 年建造的 Defensionskaserne 防御军营。这家博物馆在德国是独一无二的: 它把德国园艺园林艺术史的研究、展示与公众教育集中到一座位于园林公园内的建筑里, 与环绕它的 36 公顷 egapark 共同构成完整的「园中之馆」格局。馆内的常设展「花园中的整个世界」(Die ganze Welt im Garten) 占地约 1500 平方米, 是德国同类博物馆中规模最大的园艺综合展之一; 馆方同时围绕常设展推出定期的专题展、巡回展与公众活动, 让园艺从历史延伸到当代生态议题。
历史沿革
德意志园艺博物馆这一想法最早可追溯到 1930 年代, 当时的园艺运动希望把德国园艺传统系统地展示出来。1949 年, 战后德国第一家园艺博物馆在莱比锡南郊的 Markkleeberg 短暂开放, 但因为后续资金和定位问题很快停办。1956 年, 在 Christian Reichart 等园艺传统的推动下, 东德决定把博物馆迁到埃尔福特, 选址赛里亚克堡, 与 1958 至 1961 年兴建的 egapark 同时推进。1961 年, 博物馆作为第一届社会主义国家国际园艺展 (iga 1961) 的一部分正式开放, 在当时承担「展示社会主义园艺」的角色, 重点放在经济园艺 (Erwerbsgartenbau)。两德统一后, 1995 年由图林根自由州、埃尔福特市与中央园艺协会 (Zentralverband Gartenbau) 共同出资设立公法基金会 Stiftung Deutsches Gartenbaumuseum Erfurt, 把它正式稳定为全国性的园艺博物馆; 2000 年经过全面改陈, 在赛里亚克堡老建筑内以全新常设展重新开馆。
赛里亚克堡与 egapark
博物馆所在建筑是赛里亚克堡防御军营 (Defensionskaserne), 由普鲁士王室在 1825/26 年扩建赛里亚克堡 (该堡最早可追溯到 1480 年的埃尔夫特市属 Kastell) 时增建, 用作炮兵部队的营房与弹药库。军营两侧的炮兵院 (Kanonenhöfe)、地下的 Kriegsbrunnen 战争水井 (深约 40 米, 配套 1829 年的砖砌穹顶与约 8 立方米的蓄水池) 与 19 世纪初的防御工事共同构成今天的博物馆参观背景。环绕赛里亚克堡的 egapark 占地约 36 公顷, 是 1960 年代后德国少数仍完整保存的东德时期园林之一, 由景观建筑师 Reinhold Lingner 主创, 其夫人、艺术家 Alice Lingner 设计了 1961 年首次种植的花坛; 园中核心是 6000 平方米的中轴花坛与环绕的展示草坪。整个园区自 1992 年起列入文物保护 (Denkmalschutz), 2021 年作为联邦园艺展 (BUGA Erfurt 2021) 的核心举办地进行了大规模修缮。
馆藏与展览
馆方把「保护与研究德国园艺与园林艺术的文化遗产」写进基金会章程, 长期收集与展示从早期园艺传统到现代园林艺术的实物、文献与图像。常设展「花园中的整个世界」约 1500 平方米, 用场景复原、模型与标本把德国园艺史与日常生活中的植物、园艺技术、园林设计串成一条可读的故事线, 同时回应气候变化、生物多样性等当下议题。除常设展外, 馆方每年推出数个专题展和巡回展, 内容涵盖药用植物、城市园艺、种子贸易史、传统花卉品种保护等方向。馆内还设有一座专门面向园艺与园林艺术的科研图书馆, 长期积累相关专著、期刊与档案, 是德国同类博物馆中少有的专业资料中心, 同时向研究者与公众开放查询。
教育与社区活动
馆方把教育与公众参与作为日常运营的核心, 工作场域除了展厅之外, 还有馆属的展示温室 (Schaugewächshaus) 与户外的 egapark。馆方为幼儿园、中小学与休闲机构设计了系统的园艺与自然教育项目, 在温室里带学生做栽培实验、花艺创作和自然观察, 也走出馆外在 egapark 里开展季节性主题活动; 为家庭和儿童专门设计的生日会套餐 (Kindergeburtstag) 与「博物馆花园实验室」(Museumsgarten – Experimente im Gartenlabor) 等项目, 把动手操作、园艺技巧与生态知识结合在一起。馆方还定期举办公众讲座、FÖJ (生态志愿者年) 实习岗位、面向老年人和特定兴趣小组的专场导览, 以及开放遗产日 (Tag des offenen Denkmals) 与自然体验日等节日活动, 让博物馆成为面向周边社区的一个稳定公共空间。
基金会运营与公共服务
1995 年设立的 Stiftung Deutsches Gartenbaumuseum Erfurt 是一家按德国民法设立的具有权利能力的基金会 (rechtsfähige Stiftung des bürgerlichen Rechts), 以非营利为目的, 负责博物馆的长期运营。基金会出资方由图林根自由州、埃尔福特市与中央园艺协会共同构成, 日常业务由馆长与一支跨教育、藏品、传播、技术、参观服务、行政等职能的小型专业团队承担, 馆藏保护、研究与图书馆业务由专门的策展与研究岗位负责。馆内还设有 Palmencafé 与阅读角, 让访客可以在参观之余停留休息。博物馆所在的 egapark 自 1992 年起被整体列入文物保护, 是德国为数不多持续开放、整年运营的园林博物馆之一; 馆方日常接待与媒体咨询均通过官网渠道处理。
The Deutsches Gartenbaumuseum Erfurt (DGBM, German Garden Museum) is located inside the egapark in Erfurt, the capital of Thuringia in central Germany. Its home is the historical Cyriaksburg, whose main building was originally the Defensionskaserne, a defensive barracks added in 1825/26 when Prussia rebuilt the older fortress (itself going back to a 1480 Kastell of the city of Erfurt) into one of two citadels. The museum is the only institution in Germany that brings the study, display and public education of German horticultural history under one roof and embeds that roof in a 36-hectare garden park. Its permanent exhibition, Die ganze Welt im Garten (An Entire World in the Garden), covers roughly 1,500 square metres, making it one of the largest combined horticultural displays in the country. Around this permanent exhibition, the museum runs a regular programme of themed exhibitions, travelling shows and public events that link garden history with current ecological questions.
History
The idea of a German horticultural museum dates back to the 1930s, when the growing horticultural movement wanted a single place to document German garden tradition. In 1949, the first German Gartenbaumuseum was opened in Markkleeberg, near Leipzig, but closed again after a short time due to financial and organisational problems. In 1956, building on Erfurt’s long horticultural heritage and the legacy of Christian Reichart, the GDR decided to relocate the museum to the Cyriaksburg in Erfurt and to develop it in parallel with the egapark between 1958 and 1961. The museum was officially opened in 1961 as part of the first international horticultural exhibition of the socialist countries (iga 1961). In that period it carried a clear political mandate to present “socialist horticulture” and focused mainly on commercial horticulture (Erwerbsgartenbau). After German reunification, the Free State of Thuringia, the city of Erfurt and the Zentralverband Gartenbau jointly established the public-law foundation Stiftung Deutsches Gartenbaumuseum Erfurt in 1995, securing the museum as a national institution. In 2000, after a full renovation and re-conception, the museum reopened in the historic Cyriaksburg building with a brand new permanent exhibition.
The Cyriaksburg and the egapark
The museum’s home, the Defensionskaserne of the Cyriaksburg, was built in 1825/26 as the main barracks of the Prussian citadel and used to house the gun crews and their supplies. Together with the 1825 Kanonenhöfe (cannon courts) on both gable ends, the underground Kriegsbrunnen (a war well around 40 metres deep with an 1829 brick dome and an 8-cubic-metre cistern) and the early nineteenth-century fortifications, it now forms the historical backdrop of the visit. Surrounding the Cyriaksburg is the egapark, around 36 hectares in size and one of the few gardens built in the GDR era that remain essentially intact. The park was designed by landscape architect Reinhold Lingner, and his wife, the artist Alice Lingner, laid out the original 1961 planting. Its centrepiece is a 6,000-square-metre axial flower bed surrounded by exhibition lawns. The whole park has been listed as a protected monument (Denkmalschutz) since 1992, and in 2021 it served as the central venue of the Bundesgartenschau (BUGA Erfurt 2021), which triggered a comprehensive renovation.
Collections and Exhibitions
The foundation’s stated purpose includes the preservation and study of the cultural heritage of German horticulture and garden art. The museum accordingly collects, documents and displays objects, books and images spanning the early history of horticulture through to modern landscape design. The 1,500-square-metre permanent exhibition, Die ganze Welt im Garten, uses reconstructed scenes, models and specimens to thread German horticultural history into a readable narrative alongside present-day issues such as climate change and biodiversity. On top of the permanent exhibition, the museum runs several themed and travelling exhibitions each year, ranging from medicinal plants and urban gardening to the history of the seed trade and the conservation of traditional flower varieties. The museum also maintains a specialised scientific library focused on horticulture and garden art, which is open to both researchers and the public and serves as one of the few dedicated reference centres in this field in Germany.
Education and Community
Education and public engagement sit at the centre of the museum’s daily work and use not only the exhibition halls but also the museum’s own Schaugewächshaus (display greenhouse) and the surrounding egapark. The museum offers structured programmes for schools, kindergartens and leisure groups, with hands-on cultivation experiments, floral design and nature observation in the greenhouse and seasonal outdoor activities in the park. Special family packages such as children’s birthday parties (Kindergeburtstag) and the Museumsgarten – Experimente im Gartenlabor turn practical gardening into ecological learning. The museum also runs regular public talks, an FÖJ (voluntary ecological year) placement, special guided tours for senior groups and special-interest visitors, and participates in national events such as the Tag des offenen Denkmals (Open Monument Day) and local nature experience days. In this way the museum functions as a stable public space for the surrounding community.
Foundation Operations and Public Services
The Stiftung Deutsches Gartenbaumuseum Erfurt, founded in 1995, is a rechtsfähige Stiftung des bürgerlichen Rechts (a foundation with legal capacity under German civil law), operating on a non-profit basis and responsible for the long-term running of the museum. Its sponsors are the Free State of Thuringia, the city of Erfurt and the Zentralverband Gartenbau. Day-to-day operations are handled by a small professional team covering management, education, collection and exhibition work, communication, technical services, visitor service and administration, with dedicated curatorial and research posts responsible for collection care, research and the library. The museum also houses a Palmencafé with a reading corner that invites visitors to linger. The surrounding egapark has been listed as a protected monument (Denkmalschutz) since 1992 and remains one of the few garden museums in Germany that is open year-round. Day-to-day enquiries and media contacts are handled through the official website.
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