柏林植物园和植物博物馆（Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem，简称BGBM）是世界上规模最大、最重要的植物园之一，隶属柏林自由大学。园区占地43公顷，收集植物近20000种，每年吸引约50万游客。1669年建于柏林皇宫药草园，经数次迁址，1910年在首任园长Adolf Engler指导下迁至现址达勒姆区至今。
十六座温室群穿越热带与亚热带
园区拥有16座对外开放的大型温室，是世界上温室体系最完整的植物园之一。主热带温室长60米、高23米，全球最大温室之一，高耸的树上附生着热带植物，藤本攀援其间。旁边温室展示非洲南部沙漠植物，包括著名的Welwitschia和”活石”生石花。维多利亚王莲温室（Victoria House）夏季展示巨型王莲。兰科温室、天南星科温室、凤梨科温室、蕨类温室各具特色，多肉植物温室展示新大陆干旱景观，以柱状大戟和芦荟为主。另有热带作物温室、澳大利亚及新西兰植物温室、南非植物温室、食虫植物温室、山茶与杜鹃温室，以及举办特别展览的新温室（Neues Glashaus）。
室外展区从欧洲到北美从日本到地中海
室外展区约16公顷，植物地理区几乎占全园三分之一，以园路串联北半球温带各植被类型，拥有12座岩石园。春季林下银莲花与雪滴花铺满地面，日式园区湖畔坐落着日本茶室，北美区展示大西洋与太平洋沿岸森林及北美大草原。意大利花园依巴洛克风格布局，锥形修剪的黄杨篱与古铜雕塑交相辉映。植物系统区按Engler分类系统展示约1000种草本植物。树木园收集约1800种树木和灌木，包括苏铁、银杏等古老裸子植物。药草园依人体形态布局，种植约230种药用植物。芳香触碰园建于1984年，专为视障人士设计。沼泽与水生植物园占地3000平方米，展示酸沼、池塘、芦苇沼泽和盐沼等湿地类型，收集约200种湿地植物。2006年开放的苔藓园利用山毛榉林下的遮阴条件形成独特苔藓群落。
科研创新与迁地保护
柏林植物园是全球植物分类学网络的重要节点，研究重点包括菊目、石竹目和硅藻。同时运营达勒姆种子库，参与濒危植物保护项目，与欧洲、地中海、高加索及加勒比地区机构合作推进全球植物多样性保护。植物博物馆是西欧唯一专注于植物世界文化与自然历史的机构，藏有植物化石珍品、珍稀植物学典籍，永久展厅预计2027年重新开放。
The Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem (BGBM) is one of the largest and most significant botanical gardens in the world, now part of Freie Universität Berlin. Spanning 43 hectares with nearly 20,000 plant species, it welcomes approximately 500,000 visitors annually. Founded in 1669 and relocated several times, it moved to its present Dahlem site in 1910 under the direction of its first director, Adolf Engler.
Sixteen Greenhouses Through Tropical and Subtropical Worlds
The garden houses 16 public greenhouses, one of the most comprehensive greenhouse complexes of any botanical garden in the world. The Main Tropical Greenhouse, at 60 m long and 23 m high, ranks among the largest globally, featuring towering trees with epiphytes, vividly coloured tropical plants below, and lianas climbing through. An adjacent house showcases plants from the deserts of southern Africa, including the famous Welwitschia and living stones (Lithops). The Victoria House immerses visitors in tropical heat and humidity, where the famous giant water lily Victoria thrives during summer months. The Orchid House displays fascinating diversity, the Aroid House showcases Berlin’s renowned begonia collection, while the Bromeliad and Fern houses add further richness. The Succulent House presents a New World desert landscape dominated by columnar Euphorbia species and aloes. Other houses cover tropical crops, Australian and New Zealand flora, South African plants, carnivorous plants, camellias and azaleas, and a New Greenhouse for special events.
Outdoor Areas From Europe to North America, Japan to the Mediterranean
The outdoor areas cover approximately 16 hectares. The Plant Geography Section, occupying nearly one-third of the entire garden, features twelve rock gardens representing vegetation types from mountain regions, forests, heath, dunes and steppe of the Northern Hemisphere’s temperate zones. In early spring the beech forest floor transforms into a carpet of anemones and snowdrops; the Japanese section around the pavilion features mixed forest typical of China, Japan and Korea; the North American area showcases Atlantic and Pacific coastal forests alongside flower-rich prairie sections. The Italian Garden at the foot of the greenhouse complex follows Baroque principles with formal symmetry, clipped yew topiary (Taxus baccata) and Baroque bronze sculptures. The Systematic Section displays about 1,000 herbaceous species following Adolf Engler’s classification system. The Arboretum houses approximately 1,800 trees and shrubs including ancient gymnosperms such as conifers and Ginkgos. The Medicinal Plants Garden, arranged in the shape of the human body, contains about 230 species with their chemical compounds and pharmacological significance. The Fragrance and Touch Garden, opened in 1984 for visually disabled visitors, invites guests to experience plant diversity through smell and touch. The Aquatic and Marsh Plant Garden (3,000 m²) displays Germany’s natural wetlands with about 200 plant species. The Moss Garden, opened in 2006 using former pools shaded by the beech forest, provides ideal conditions for mosses.
Research Leadership and Plant Conservation
The Botanic Garden Berlin is a key node in the global botanical research network, with focus on Asterales, Caryophyllales and Diatoms. It operates the Dahlem Seed Bank for endangered species conservation and collaborates with institutions across Europe, the Mediterranean, Caucasus and Caribbean regions to advance global plant diversity protection. The Botanical Museum, the only museum in Western Europe dedicated entirely to the plant kingdom and its cultural and natural history, houses invaluable fossil treasures and rare botanical books. Its permanent exhibition is temporarily closed for modernization and is expected to reopen in 2027. Official website: https://www.bgbm.org/
发表回复