加拿大马尼托巴原生兰花保护 NOCI – 收录马尼托巴省全部 37 种原生兰花信息

组织概况

NOCI（Native Orchid Conservation Inc.，加拿大马尼托巴原生兰花保护）是一家成立于 1998 年的非营利组织，总部在马尼托巴省温尼伯。组织的主要工作是宣传和保护本地独特的生态系统，重点放在马尼托巴的原生兰花上，同时也会关注其他稀有和濒危的植物种类。

兰花物种与分布

组织网站上收录了马尼托巴省全部 37 种原生兰花的信息。每个物种都列出学名、俗名、Conservation Data Centre 等级（CDC Rank）、花期、栖息地及其他详细资料。从属上涵盖了 Arethusa、Calopogon、Calypso、Corallorhiza、Cypripedium、Dactylorhiza、Epipactis、Galearis、Goodyera、Liparis、Malaxis、Neottia、Piperia、Platanthera、Spiranthes 等多个温带兰科属。这些兰花在马尼托巴的不同区域出没，南起温尼伯附近的落叶林和混交林，北至沼泽、泥炭苔藓地，甚至湿润的冻原都能见到它们的身影。

野外考察与活动

NOCI 每年都会安排多次野外考察活动。从春季到秋季，组织成员会带同本地人去不同地区观察兰花。春季的雪顶兰（Calypso bulbosa）通常在 5 月中旬开花；6 月是 Cypripedium 属的 Lady’s-slippers 的盛花期；8 月则有草原日活动，到 Brokenshead 湿地附近的草原带去看草地里的兰花种类。组织每年 3 月在温尼伯 Dakota Lawn Bowling Club 召开年会，进行董事会改选并回顾过去一年的工作。

教育推广

2005 年 NOCI 出版了第一版《Orchids of Manitoba》，这是一本面向爱好者、用于野外识别的图鉴。十一年后的 2016 年 9 月在 McNally Robinson Booksellers 书店发布了第二版，新版在原有基础上增补了图片与说明。组织还推出了 Android 与 iOS 两个平台的「Native Orchids of Manitoba」App，免费版（Light）介绍 10 种兰花，全版（Full）则涵盖全部 37 种，每种都有照片、描述与分布图。2008 年组织与 Brokenhead Ojibway Nation 合作制作了《EKO》教育片，介绍 Brokenhead 湿地的生态意义。

Brokenhead 湿地保护

NOCI 工作最突出的部分是对 Brokenhead Wetland Ecological Reserve 的长期保护。这块湿地在 2005 年 6 月由马尼托巴省政府划定为生态保护区，最初面积为 563 公顷；2012 年 6 月省政府又把面积扩大到 1240 公顷。2011 年 10 月省政府拨款 100 万加元用于解说步道的建设，同期 Eugene Reimer 在温尼伯基金会设立了 Eugene Reimer Environment Fund，专门用于步道和栈道的长期维护。2016 年 6 月 Brokenhead Wetland 解说步道（Interpretive Trail）正式对外开放。组织的工作得到了省级和联邦级别的多次认可，包括 1999 年 Premier Gary Filmon 颁发的可持续贡献证书、2006 年 Premier Doer 的志愿者服务奖，以及 2007 年加拿大环境奖银奖。

About the organization

NOCI (Native Orchid Conservation Inc.) is a non-profit organization founded in 1998 and based in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Its purpose is to foster awareness and conservation of unique ecosystems and their plant communities. The work focuses primarily on Manitoba’s native orchids, but also extends to other rare and endangered plants.

Orchid species covered

The organization’s website lists all 37 native orchid species found in Manitoba. Each entry includes the scientific name, common name, Conservation Data Centre (CDC) rank, blooming time, habitat, and other field notes. Genera represented include Arethusa, Calopogon, Calypso, Corallorhiza, Cypripedium, Dactylorhiza, Epipactis, Galearis, Goodyera, Liparis, Malaxis, Neottia, Piperia, Platanthera, and Spiranthes. Species range from southern deciduous and mixed forests near Winnipeg up to boreal bogs, sphagnum mats, and moist tundra in the north.

Field trips and meetings

NOCI organizes several field trips each year from spring through fall. Calypso bulbosa typically blooms in mid-May; Cypripedium (Lady’s-slippers) peak in June; and Prairie Day in August takes visitors to grassland habitats near Brokenhead for orchid observation. The Annual General Meeting is held in March at the Dakota Lawn Bowling Club in Winnipeg, with board elections and a review of the year’s work.

Education and outreach

The first edition of Orchids of Manitoba was published in July 2005 as a field guide. The second edition was released in September 2016 at McNally Robinson Booksellers, with additional photographs and notes. The organization also developed the Native Orchids of Manitoba app for both Android and iOS — a free Light version covers 10 species, while the paid Full version includes all 37 with photographs, descriptions, and range maps. In 2008 NOCI co-produced the educational video EKO on the significance of the Brokenhead Wetland to the Brokenhead Ojibway Nation.

Brokenhead Wetland protection

A central focus of NOCI’s work has been the long-term protection of the Brokenhead Wetland Ecological Reserve. The reserve was designated in June 2005 at an initial size of 563 hectares; in June 2012 the Manitoba government doubled the area to 1,240 hectares. In October 2011 the province committed $1 million for construction of an interpretive trail, and Eugene Reimer set up the Eugene Reimer Environment Fund through the Winnipeg Foundation for the perpetual maintenance of the trail and boardwalk. The Brokenhead Wetland Interpretive Trail officially opened in June 2016. NOCI’s work has been recognized with several awards, including a 1999 Certificate of Recognition from Premier Gary Filmon, the 2006 Premier Doer Volunteer Service Award, and a 2007 Canadian Environment Award (Silver) in the Conservation category.

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