加拿大VanDusen植物园 – 植物收藏跨五大洲生态区

园区概况与历史沿革

VanDusen 植物园位于加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省温哥华市 Shaughnessy 社区, 占地 22 公顷 (约合 55 英亩). 1970 年温哥华基金会、BC 省府和温哥华市签署协议, 在原 Shaughnessy 高尔夫球场的旧址上筹建一座公立植物园, 1975 年 8 月 30 日正式对公众开放, 至今全年开放 (圣诞节除外). 园区由温哥华公园管理局 (Vancouver Park Board) 与温哥华植物园协会 (Vancouver Botanical Gardens Association, VBGA) 联合运营, 园名来自本地木材商和慈善家 Whitford Julian VanDusen.

园区设计与建筑特色

园区的访客中心于 2011 年 11 月落成, 按 LEED 白金标准设计与建造, 是园中体量最大的人工建筑. 中心内设礼品店、专门的植物学图书馆、餐厅和咖啡馆, 并已注册国际生活未来研究所的「生活建筑挑战」认证项目. 建筑由景观设计师 Cornelia Oberlander 主导, 由 Perkins and Will Canada 设计, Morrison Hershfield 提供能源咨询, Fast + Epp 与 StructureCraft 负责木结构工程, Ledcor Construction Limited 承担总包.

植物收藏与园区分区

VanDusen 的植物收藏跨五大洲生态区, 其中 BC 省西北沿海原生植物 (Northwest Coast) 占有专门区域. 近年的「re-wilding」项目将本地原生植物进行迁地保育和扩繁, 再回归到温哥华地区公园, 是温哥华本地植物多样性保护的重要一环. 园中五月是杜鹃花观赏期, 集中展示约 1000 种杜鹃花物种与杂交栽培种, 其中 Sino-Himalayan garden 区域冬季末就能看到原生种杜鹃的盛花期; 另有 Fagus sylvatica (欧洲山毛榉) 栽培种、Sorbus (花楸) 属集等多个专类园.

科研、教育与社区项目

VBGA 与 Park Board 联合开展 citizen science 项目, 与本地的学校和社区组织合作, 借助园区平台开展植物学相关的实地教学. 访客中心提供从学龄前到高中、教师职业发展在内的多层级自然教育课程, 现场还有室内盆栽、迷你导览游园等动手项目, 部分课程对教师免费开放但需提前预约. VanDusen 拥有 45 年历史的志愿者队伍, 负责导览讲解、种子采集与分装、自助导览手册编写、堆肥包装销售、协助 Park Board 工作人员安装植物铭牌等多个岗位, 是园区运营的重要支柱.

气候适应与可持续发展

近年 BC 省夏季更热、更干, 加上冬季突发寒潮, 园区内最古老的一些乔木出现叶片提早变黄、花量变小等胁迫症状. 园区通过 Climate Adaptation Fund 设立目标: 到 2030 年募集 100 万加元用于这些老树的额外维护. 园区地处 Musqueam、Squamish、Tsleil-Waututh 三个原住民族的传统未割让领土之上, VBGA 在教育与运营中明确承认这一历史背景, 并将原住民的传统生态知识纳入项目策划. 全园在圣诞节外全年向公众开放, 实行会员制和捐赠体系, 2026 年迎来建园 51 周年.

Garden Profile and History

VanDusen Botanical Garden is located in the Shaughnessy neighbourhood of Vancouver, British Columbia, covering 22 hectares (about 55 acres). In 1970 the Vancouver Foundation, the Government of British Columbia and the City of Vancouver signed an agreement to build a public botanical garden on part of the former Shaughnessy Golf Course. The garden opened to the public on August 30, 1975 and remains open year round except for Christmas Day. It is jointly managed by the Vancouver Park Board and the Vancouver Botanical Gardens Association (VBGA). The garden is named after local lumberman and philanthropist Whitford Julian VanDusen.

Design and Built Features

The Visitor Centre opened in November 2011 and was designed and built to LEED Platinum standards, with a gift shop, a specialised botanical library, a restaurant and a coffee shop. The Visitor Centre project is registered with the International Living Future Institute and is pursuing Living Building Challenge certification. Landscape architect Cornelia Oberlander led the project, with Perkins and Will Canada as architects, Morrison Hershfield as energy consultants, Fast + Epp and StructureCraft handling the timber structure, and Ledcor Construction Limited as general contractor.

Plant Collections and Garden Areas

VanDusen holds plant collections drawn from ecosystems across five continents, with a dedicated British Columbia Northwest Coast native plant section. A recent re-wilding programme propagates rescued native plants for reintroduction into Vancouver’s regional parks. May is the Rhododendron season, with about 1,000 species and hybrid cultivars on display; the Sino-Himalayan garden often carries peak species rhododendron bloom into late winter. Other notable collections include Fagus sylvatica cultivars and multiple Sorbus (rowan) taxa across the grounds.

Research, Education and Community Programmes

VBGA runs citizen science initiatives with local schools and community partners, supporting on-site learning. The Visitor Centre hosts multi-tier nature education from preschool to high school and teacher professional development, with hands-on indoor planting, mini guided tours and special prizes; some teacher events are free with pre-registration. The garden has a 45-year volunteer programme covering guided tours, seed collection and cleaning, self-guided tour publications, compost and manure packaging, and support for Park Board staff in installing plant identification signage.

Climate Adaptation and Sustainability

Recent BC summers have become hotter and drier, with sudden cold snaps in winter, putting the garden’s oldest trees under stress and producing early leaf browning and smaller blooms. Through the Climate Adaptation Fund the garden aims to raise CAD 1 million by 2030 for additional care of these mature trees. The garden sits on the unceded shared territory of the xʷməθkwəy̓əm (Musqueam), Sḵwx̱wú7mesh (Squamish) and səlilwətaɬ (Tsleil-Waututh) Nations, and VBGA explicitly recognises Indigenous knowledge and protocols in its planning. The garden is open year round except Christmas, with a membership and donor programme; 2026 marks its 51st anniversary.

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