德国 魔法植物 Zauberpflanzen – 德国民俗植物知识库

一个把民间传说做成索引的德语网站

这是一个德语个人网站，讲的是民间传说中的魔法植物。站点由 Maria Mail-Brandt 和丈夫 Wolfgang Brandt 一起打理，他们在鲁尔区有一座六百平方米的花园，从 1994 年起侍弄至今，种得最多的是香草和玫瑰。两人手上还有好几个同类的德语园艺站点，Zauberpflanzen 是其中专门谈魔法植物的一个。

站里的东西都围着同一件事转：植物在传说里被用在了什么地方。草药、灌木、多年生草本和球根都收，每种植物都写它在谚语、旧药书和园艺做法里的位置。作者说自己是靠多年翻文化遗产里关于植物史和神话的旧资料，把这些散落的说法重新串起来。

八十多个词条与九个专题

站点的主体是一份 A 到 Z 目录，八十多个词条按学名和德文俗名对照排列，从冷杉、斗蓬草、葱属一路排到毛蕊花、槲寄生和香车草。每个词条是单独一页，写学名和别名、相关传说、用途，以及今天还能怎么用。

目录之外另有九个专题分类：护身符与咒物、驱邪草与咒语草、药用植物、巫草、爱情植物、预言植物、熏香植物、圣草和天气植物。另有一页把一年里跟植物有关的节日排成表，方便按日子查。

巫草、夜行与月相采药

巫草页面的主力是茄科植物：天仙子、颠茄、乌头，土豆、番茄和烟草其实也在茄科。这类植物含生物碱和东莨菪碱，过去用来配飞行药膏，涂在手腕和脚踝上，骑扫帚去布洛克山的瓦尔普吉斯之夜。页面里说得明白，所谓女巫多是懂草药的妇人，很多还兼做接生婆。

采收时间也照老规矩来。满月时收百里香、石松、薰衣草和罗勒；月亏的时候挖根，因为这时汁液都存在根里。这套按月相采药的说法，作者认为是老一辈园艺人一代代传下来的。

药用、爱情与护身符三条线

药用页面分成签名植物和感应植物两类。签名说以帕拉塞尔苏斯为代表，看植物的形状、颜色和气味，判断它能治什么病；感应植物则是把病转给树，橡树、椴树、桦树、柳树和接骨木都算数。页面里还引了瓦拉弗里德·斯特拉博、希尔德加德·冯·宾根、阿尔贝特大帝、克奈普和玛丽亚·特雷本这些老一辈草药作者的话。

爱情植物从阿佛洛狄忒讲起，普林尼和狄奥斯科里德斯都记过这类催情草药。曼德拉草一类含生物碱的植物被形容成在欲望和死亡之间走钢丝，作者也写明这一页不谈西班牙苍蝇那一路。护身符页区分被动挡灾的护符和主动带来财运的咒物，装满药草的巫女枕以及 mojos、Gris-Gris、hoodoo-hands 都在名录里。

节令、圣草与看天识天气

魔法日页面把节日排成一张表：主显圣容节、瓦尔普吉斯之夜、施洗约翰节、圣母升天节、圣巴巴拉节、圣尼古拉节、圣多马节，一直到除夕，另有狂欢节、感恩节、万圣节和追思诸圣节。圣草节在八月十五日圣母升天节这天，人们扎九枝香草的束，还有烟熏香草束等做法，多见于天主教和东正教地区。

天气植物页面挑了几种当预报员用的草：斗蓬草、香车草、圣诞玫瑰和毛蕊花。作者另在姊妹站 GartenLiteratur 上整理了老农民的看天谚语，两边可以对着看。

A German Site Built Around Plant Folklore

This is a German-language personal website about magical plants as they appear in folk tradition. It is run by Maria Mail-Brandt together with her husband Wolfgang Brandt, who tend a six-hundred-square-metre garden in the Ruhr area since 1994, mostly aromatic herbs and roses. The pair run several comparable German garden sites; Zauberpflanzen is the one devoted to magical plants.

Everything on the site turns on a single question: what have plants been used for in local belief. Herbs, woody plants, perennials and bulbs are all included, and each one is traced through proverbs, old herb books and gardening practice. The author says it comes from years of digging through cultural heritage material on plant history and myth, tying scattered fragments back together.

Eighty Plant Entries and Nine Topics

The backbone is an A to Z index of more than eighty plants, pairing botanical names with the common German ones, running from fir and lady’s mantle through to mullein, mistletoe and woodruff. Each entry has its own page, with scientific and alternative names, the beliefs attached to it, its uses and what can still be done with it in a garden today.

Beyond the index sit nine themed sections: amulets and talismans, protective and charm herbs, medicinal plants, witch herbs, love plants, oracle plants, smoking plants, consecration herbs and weather plants. A further page lists the plant-related days of the year, so a date can be looked up in a moment.

Witch Herbs, Night Flights and Picking by Moon

The witch herb section is dominated by the nightshade family: henbane, deadly nightshade and monkshood, with potato, tomato and tobacco belonging to the same family. These plants carry alkaloids including scopolamine, and were used in flight salves smeared on wrists and ankles before a broomstick ride to the Blocksberg on Walpurgis Night. The page is clear about who the witches were: mostly women who knew their herbs, and often midwives besides.

Picking times follow the old rules too. Thyme, clubmoss, lavender and basil are gathered at the full moon, roots are dug while the moon is waning, because the sap has gone down into them by then. The author treats this moon-phase knowledge as something passed down from one generation of gardeners to the next.

Medicinal, Love and Amulet Traditions

The medicinal section splits into signature plants and sympathy plants. The doctrine of signatures, associated with Paracelsus, reads a plant’s shape, colour and smell to work out what it can treat; sympathy plants work the other way round, passing an illness over to a tree, with oak, lime, birch, willow and elder all named. The page also draws on older herb writers such as Walafrid Strabo, Hildegard of Bingen, Albertus Magnus, Sebastian Kneipp and Maria Treben.

The love plant section opens with Aphrodite, and cites Pliny and Dioscorides on the aphrodisiac herbs they knew. Mandrake and similar alkaloid-bearing plants are described as a tightrope between desire and death, and the author notes plainly that Spanish fly and its like are not what this page is about. The amulet page separates passively protective charms from talismans credited with actively bringing wealth, and lists herb-filled witch cushions along with mojos, Gris-Gris and hoodoo hands.

Calendar Days, Sacred Herbs and Weather Signs

The magical days page arranges the year’s festivals as a table: Epiphany, Walpurgis Night, St John’s Day, the Assumption, St Barbara’s Day, St Nicholas, St Thomas and New Year’s Eve, alongside Carnival, harvest festival, Halloween and All Saints. The herb blessing falls on 15 August, the Assumption of Mary, when nine herbs are tied into a bundle and smoke bundles are made as well; the practice is found in both Catholic and Orthodox areas.

The weather plant page puts a few herbs to work as forecasters: lady’s mantle, woodruff, Christmas rose and mullein. The author also gathers old farmers’ sayings about the weather on the sister site GartenLiteratur, so the two can be read side by side.

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